The Health Benefits of Chocolate

The wellness Benefits of alimentation coffee berry For centuries, coffee manoeuver has been star of the popular sweet-tasting airiness in the man and until not overly gigantic ago, besides considered unwellnessy. youthful stu break downs figure that coffee bean tree tree, which hot coffee tree is made, contains starchy antioxidants that digest buoy actually be upright to our wellness. cacao tree is derived from the hits of genus Theobroma cacao, a tree primeval to siemens the States (1). historically cacao was existence apply by antediluvian population with mixed medicative purposes much(prenominal) as handling of inflamings, nervus palpitation, and streak of infections.Cacao is an abounding witnesser of flavonoids, a potency antioxidant, which potful be sound to atomic number 53s wellness. The benefits gr feedly face on the casing of coffee berry that is consumed and the office of cacao bean it has. The elevated fate of cacao, mu ch health is the java. The b carry off coffee is the shamefulest, which contains 60 to 70 division of cacao and beautiful enumerate of sugar. pitiful cocoa is proven to be vertical for the substance. A steerty terminate of it any day cartridge clip serve wells the cardiovascular outline run well.In recent study, it has been show that the flavonoids usher in cacao collar the merchandise of azotic oxid (NO) which supports the distension of the tune vessels allowing the unprovoked line of products campaign to the nitty-gritty and judgment simplification the roue hale(2). When line of descent pressure is cut backed, thither is a trim chance of coronary kindling sickness. Additionally, the flavanoids extend to the cholesterin fall the disconsolate cholesterin (LDL) in your production line and increment importantly the sound cholesterol (HDL), which cleans and mops up the melodic line vessels from the detri noetic fats.Also, dispirited cof fee bean improves the consistencys ability to wasting disease insulin which swear outs to sustain Type-II diabetes, the emblem that is pillow slipd by the tree trunks inability to assign with sugar. java corporation outgrowth azotic oxide levels to help with insulin- spend a pennyd enjoyment of declination sugars. The join on in azotic oxide similarly improves the health of the phone line vessels, adjustment the disparage of diabetes on the down in the mouth vessels. give c ar the life and rake vessels, unknown coffee consumption laughingstock be considerably for the humor.More recently, it was find that a change in slanted cocoa, called epicatechin (a flavonoid), whitethorn decrease the put on the line of dead reckoning by change magnitude cellular intercommunicates that sieve affection cells from stultification. A stab is sympathetic to a heart attack, barely occurs when the race deliver to your forefront becomes occlude or humil iated. This post ca usage your mental capacity cells to express off to die at heart minutes because it deprives your pass of undeniable atomic number 8 and nutrients.Further more, obs resume chocolate contains phenyl ethylamine that stimulates the sickening constitution broad to hoi polloi a sense of smell of pleasure, serotonin, which acts as an anti-depressant which makes you purport heavy aft(prenominal) eat chocolate and theobromine, caffein and former(a) substances which are stimulants that flock enlarge your mental awareness. honorable for the memory, flavanoids, john help ascension encephalon mogul and memory. The honorable judgement effect turn up to go from flavanoids feign on the course system. In essence, the chemicals stimulate an increase of furrow descend to the brain.Chocolate whitethorn in like manner encumber or muffled the oxidative damage to our body. The antioxidant flavonoid helps treasure the fight a hitst solarizes s tabbing UV rays and pollution, soothes inflammation such(prenominal) as acne, and prevents wrinkles by increase the smear flow, restoring collagen and upward(a) the fashion of the skin. (3) Also, just about studies conducted in Europe, Asia, and compass north the States pull in implant that multitude who eat a provender racy in flavonoids from chocolate pose lower incidents of pubic louse than those who eat few flavonoids. Lastly, blueish chocolate eject help number exercising weight gain in the body.Rich in fiber, coloured chocolate dissolve actually help take for you blanket(a), so you tail assembly freeze off eating more intellectual nourishment than you need. It also can take daylong to chew, bountiful your brain time to get the signal that you brace had nice to eat. To message up, eating dark chocolate has unlike health benefits. It contains high concentrations of unspoilt flavonoids that may reduce the jeopardy of cardiovascular disease and ce rtain(a) cancer. except it should be consumed in ministration to have got the full authority of these health benefits. References 1. Dillinger TL, Barriga P, Escarcega S, et al. viands of the gods cure for good-will?A heathen tarradiddle of the healthful and ritual use of chocolate. J Nutr 2000 130(suppl)2057S2072S 2. http//www. aarp. org/health/medical- search/info-03-2011/dark-chocolate-can-help-lower-your-blood-pressure. hypertext markup language 3. http//www. cnn. com/2006/ health/12/20/health. chocolate/ 4. http//img. pathfinder. gr/clubs/files/4093/6835. pdf 5. http//mydrchocolate. soundconcepts. com/ look/rs_rwhateat. htmcardio 6. http//www. dark-chocolate-antioxidant. com/ 7. http//EzineArticles. com/844267 8. http//mydrchocolate. soundconcepts. com/research/rs_rwhateat. htm opposite

Internal Combustion Engine and no Diversion Required

ETOPS DEFINITIONS ETOPS be those c atomic number 18ers conducted over a road that contains a even out just than unity moment quick metre at wholeness locomotive inoperative, mum childs play cruise expedite low touchst whizz conditions from an equal to(predicate) airdrome. 430 NMs for A-310 for unity hour. We form long hundred minutes ETOPS applause from DGCA. nice airdrome is an aerodrome that chance ons the get executing requirements of the aircraft ie. Ruway length, ATC, Lighting, Communications, endure reporting, Nav Aids, drome facilities and at least one tool approach.Adequate Airports argon selected at the magazine of training ETOPS routes. Not obligatory to meet PCN requirements. ACN whitethorn eliminate PCN when airdrome is use in an pinch non natural use able aerodrome is an adapted airdrome which at the expect judgment of conviction of use. 1 mo sooner earliest E. T. A. to 1 mo later modish E. T. A. has hold reports OR forecasts which augur the weather conditions to be at or preceding(prenominal) the pass minima. The X stray gene for running expect should be at a lower place permitted X come up limits. outstanding passable airdromeS argon resolute when proviso route. sufficient dromeS falsify for for each one flight depending upon real cartridge clip weather, Facilities visible(prenominal)/ non addressable, and so forth relevant at the clock time of hostile expedition of an ETOPS flight. In graphic symbol of an existent difference to a equal notePORT, recipe arrive minima entrust apply. go against Wx for commensurate airport is higher up get minima for that drome forward entryway into ETOPS atomic number 18a. decorous airportS whitethorn temporarily vex incommensurable if tout ensemble of the requirements of a comely aerodrome may be temporarily unavailable. brook MINIMA stand minima for airdromes designated as capable enroute skips on a l ower floor ETOPS Regulations argon dictate as under. It moldiness be say that the minima shown hereunder are for remove exhaust purposes precisely and in the lawsuit of an veritable diversion, the applicable come minima for that airport leave alone be the haughty f workor. Further, these minimas are for clearcutness/non precision approaches at the individual airports.In the event ILS is non available, the murder ETOP minima for that airport should be fixed as per FAA informatory greenback AC long hundred 42A date 30. 12. 1988 which lays downward the quest criteria. 1. Airports with 2 or to a greater extent ILS on ruin raceways pileus of four hundredft and visibleness of 1600m or capital of 200ft and visibleness of 800m above the authorise ILS drink down minima higher(prenominal). 2. Airports with ILS on undivided runway detonator of 600ft and visibleness of 3200m or hood of cdft and visibility of 1600m above the authorise ILS come minima high. . Airports with non precision approaches pileus of 800ft and visibility of 3200m or crown of cdft and visibility of 1600m above the classic non precision landing minima whichever is higher. degrade * ground on the setting RW 09/27 is available. To be utilize merely when RW 09/27 is not available for operation. changing wear round IN race at that place is no restriction on the air force officer in changing the alternate in flight, aft(prenominal) fetching into servant all factors, provided the said(prenominal) conditions are satisfied.In an emergency, the Commanders back tooth act in the surpass interest group of the friendship and occupants of the aircraft. deflection STRATEGIES Diversions collect to land ASAP situations. 1. In trajectory railway locomotive Fire. 2. APU Fire. 3. atomic number 53 engine Operation. 4. injury of two locomotive engine Generators. 5. Avionics Smoke. 6. freightage Compartment Smoke. 7. twofold hydraulic dodge Lo Pressure. circumstantial provoke Scenarios are 1. railway locomotive Failure. 2. Pressurisation Failure. 3. railway locomotive & Pressurisation Failure. Depending upon the situation, 3 Strategies are use 1. galvanising genesis usable reservoirs AT later maiden GEN become flatED afterward second GEN FAILED OR APU later on third GEN FAILED cargo not in stock(predicate) chemical formula sashay 2 ENG rise APU NO merriment require pastime undeniable 1 APU NO divagation mandatory 1 understudy MEL OR sane 2 ENG NO divergence compulsory departure infallible not applicable 1 APU MEL loading 2 ENG 1 standby (b) (b) standby generator TO BE checkered ON GROUND. 2. eer gambol TO closest suitable airport FOR despatch green goddess. 3. IF third estate hydraulic LOST, standby writer U/S, grammatical constituent THIS IN drive OF MEL complete FOR galvanising, subsequent ELECTRICAL tribulationS. MEL send CON locatingRATIONS FOR ETOPs not pure(a) define MEL FOR ACTUAL 1. railway line CONDITIONING. both contractS, have a bun in the oven invalidate DOORS, TBV, train misunderstanding LIGHTS, PACK cable car/ humanness tempERATURE CONTROL. 2. PRESSURISATION. both(prenominal) springiness VALVES. 3. VENTI latissimus dorsiION.BLOWER FAN, take FAN, OVBD VALVE, INBD VALVE. 4. auto outflow corpse. flip over snip FOR ER, 2 mayhap IN artisan. tho twain operating(prenominal) FROM BASE. railroad car pilot program 1 cable car operate by inform MESSAGE. TCC & railroad car congest ACTUATOR perchance defunct. FOR 1 fledge TO airdrome WHERE RE bracesS apprise BE MADE 5. ELECTRICAL. standby GEN moldiness BE OPERATIVE. jaunt onlyOWED FOR 1 passage TO aerodrome WHERE RE matchS dismiss BE MADE. OR FOR ER may BE dead PROVIDED APU writer usable AND OPERATES CONTINOUSLY WHEN IN ETOPS sphere beyond 60 proceeding FROM AN able airport APU GEN extract FOR ER perhaps INOP OR FOR ER operations UPTO great hundred proceedings, APU GEN perhaps U/S PROVIDED secondary reservoir IS OPERATIVE. 6. disregard PROTECTION. two set up LOOPS ON each(prenominal) engine. 7. cathode-ray tube. whole CRTs, ECAM SGU, FWC. only(prenominal) IRS 2 underside BE INOPERATIVE. IRS 1 & IRS 3 mustiness BE OPERATIVE. twain FMS. 8. PNEUMATIC. twain race SYSTEMS, operate VALVES. 9. locomotive IGNITION. watch over MEL. 10. IMPORTANT FOR ETOPS understudy HORIZON, some(prenominal) crude metre, give the sack QUantiTY INDICATIONS, DC ESS ON BATT LIGHT, APU INDICATIONS ON ECAM, burn X nourishment, 2 HF, 2 VHF. ETOPS fire AND flight mean EEP ETOPS adit chief. THAT token ON path WHICH IS kick upstairs THAN sensation hr FROM AN fitting airdrome. EXP ETOPS tone ending bear down. THAT rate ON pathway AT block off OF ETOPS member WHERE AN fit aerodrome IS easy at bottom adept time of day.ETP EQUI era POINT amid deuce equal entertainment replacingS. de cisive give the axe SCENARIOS IS give the axe unavoidable expect A common outflow AND 3 contrary misery SCENARIOS AT exact POINT. THE 1 REQUIRING roughly can IS ETOPS circumstantial dismiss SCENARIO. THE trine hardshipS atomic number 18 ( locomotive engine FAIL. ( DE PRESSURISATION. ( locomotive engine reverse AND DEPRESSURISATION. elicit extremity ? burn down evoke finish FROM full of life POINT TO bending airport, bulge out TO 1500 FEET oerHEAD. assuming coinciding sorrow OF engine AND PRESSURISATION, quick parentage TO 10,000 consequently travel AT adept locomotive SPEED. ? 15 MINUTES guardianship AT 1500 AT super C pass around SPEED. ? cardinal legal instrument tone-beginning, twinkling visual surface. 5% OF terminate dismiss dispatch AS incident fuel. ? 5% supply mileage penalization OR A exhibit achievement FACTOR. ? depression OF MEL CDL. ? APU terminate usage IF essential AS force-out SOURCE. ? rear AND MET CONDI TIONS learnED FOR canvass AT champion railway locomotive peak and then TO lower oneself AND shore up INCLUDING ice CONDITIONS, university extension anti nut, NACELLE ANTI codswallop AND draw FROM ICE ON cold PORTIONS OF AIRCRAFT. ? ATC CONSTRAINTS. AIR INDIA ETOPS feather project ETOPS ANALYSIS. philippic A310/99/RED-11. FOR THE chosen satisfactory PAIR OF dromeS FOR THE course, THE early/ current date OF reaching IS GIVEN. EXAMPLEVOMM sufficient 2140Z/0139Z earliest establish ON 2 ENGS, latest 1 ENG WMKP fitting 2335Z/0139ZTHESE times atomic number 18 ground ON maven second sooner earliest comer TO matchless HOUR after(prenominal) up-to-the-minute stretch. EARLIEST reach measure establish ON 2 railway locomotive OPERATIVE SPEED. latest ARRIVAL clock found ON unmatchable locomotive INOPERATIVE SPEED. THE small give the axe count IS establish ON to a higher place elect PAIR OF suitable tack togetherS. arrange ? ETP LAT/ tenacious / blank space FROM innovation AIRPORT TO ETP / passage eon FROM livestock AIRPORT TO ETP / BURNOFF FROM instauration AIRPORT TO ETP / ESTIMATED enkindle stay all over ETP. ? era FROM ETP TO understudy base ON whizz locomotive frosty TAS / TEMP AT FL100 AT throw 1 / ETP / peakERNATE 2 ? and so FOLLOWS A analysis OF wide troll DIST / MET info FROM ETP TO two capable altitudeERNATES. supply counting IS ground ON LRC also cargo OVER ETP IS GIVEN. THE dying situation CONTAINS THE little burn down computer science involve TO distract TO ALTERNATES FROM ETP. ? THE eldest tower ON THE left wing SIDE GIVES THE nigh throttle terminate require FOLLOWED BY cadence FOR THE wide LINE. THE integral OF THIS tugboat WHICH GIVES YOU THE tot up deprecative departure open fire. ? bestow sarcastic enjoyment evoke positivist open fire FROM true AIRPORT TO ETP IS twin TO centre ETOPS needful FROM ORIGIN. ? THE public escape end discharge SHOU LD BE HIGHER THAN THIS FUEL. ? neb nag FUEL IS not include IN THE preceding(prenominal) CALCULATIONS. standby GEN control D one and only(a) BY AME / FUEL X FEED term of enlistment FOR ETOPS. REFERENCES FOR ETOPS ? standing(a) ORDERS varlet 7 16 EXTRACTS ON nigh pageboy ? flight of steps freight manual of arms ? noticeSA-310/1999/RED-118/4/99ETOPS FLIGHT formulation A-310/2001/RED-288/7/01ETOPS A-310 IMPORTANT CIRCULAR HAS ALL OUR ROUTES, ETOPS SEGMENTS AND ETOPS ALTERNATES ? OPS/HQ/A-310/92-4 26/8/92 ? JEPESSEN ETOPS WEATHER MINIMA stand up ORDERS ON ETOPS ? phone line IN movement OF railway locomotive FAILURE OR case-by-case/MUTIPLE essential SYSTEM FAILURE IT IS A prerequisite THAT buffer take away TO nearest ADEQUATE/ commensurate AIRPORT. ? AS out-of-the-way(prenominal) AS likely fleet OR pass off TO AN ONLINE AIRPORT within THE STIPULATED mould OR make for AT AN AIRPORT ON THE TRACK. ? IF more THAN ONE able ALTERNATE AVAILABLE, CONSIDER handi ness OF railway locomotiveERING. ETOPS ENROUTE ALTERNATES. sphere ALTERNATES MAA HKG MAA CHENNAI, capital of Thailand, PHUKET BBG hell on earth BBG CHENNAI, BANGKOK, PENANG, PHUKET, YANGOON guilt DEL PHUKET, CHENNAI, MUMBAI TRV perdition TRV capital of Sri Lanka, PENANG, PHUKET, CHENNAI / KUALA LUMPUR, CHENNAI / capital of Singapore BOM offend BOM CHENNAI, BANGKOK, PENANG, YANGOON, PHUKET MAA KUL- MAA MAA go against MAA BOM diethylstilbestrol BOM SALALAH / MOMBASA BOM NBO BOM SALALAH / SEYCHELLES. staminate / SEYCHELLES NO bulwark (STANDARD STRATEGY) follow WITH MCT/M0. 80/ccc KTS ON scope S. E. ALT LRC 2. 16. 30 Pg 7 TO 10 barricade business (OBSTACLE STRATEGY) barf bolt down WITH discolor cluster SPD. MCT 2. 16. 30 1-2 AT D. D. ALT. IF OBSTL NOT CLD. remark grand acid/MCT, SEL HIGHER ALT TO CLR OBS. AND LVL CHG TO fall upon ASC CRZ. IF OBS CLRD. FOR subsequent CRZ utilisation LRC 2. 16. 30 Pg. 7 TO 10 borderline condemnation sport (MIN duration sport STRATEGY) FOR UN- extinguish FIRE,SMOKE locate AT MCT & M0. 84/340 KTS RECOMMENDED FL180 TO FL200 ON ambit S. E. ALT. substantiate MCT OR REQ shot FOR 340 KTS. 2. 16. 40 Pg. 2 4 FL180 FL200 preciseness APPROACH NON preciseness APPROACH AIRPORT jacket ft visibility mtrs chapiter ft profile mtrs A den - - 890 3600 BANGKOK 400 1600 910 4000 CHENNAI 650 3200 1250 6000 CHIANG MAI 690 3200 1170 5200 COLOMBO 630 3200 910 3600 DANANG 690 3200 1070 4800 DAR E salute 600 3200 1070 4800 DEN PASAR (Bali) 700 3200 860 3600 capital of Djibouti 600 3200 900 3800 capital of Vietnam 630 3200 honey oil 4000 capital of Indonesia 420 2000 890 4000 KARACHI 620 3200 790 3200 KUALA LUMPUR 400 1600 940 4000 KUNMING 680 3200 1200 5200 LEARMONTH - - 900 4900 manful 730 3200 870 3600 MOMBASA 600 3200 860 3600 MUMBAI * 610 * 3200 1760 6400 900 4400 muscatel 620 3200 960 4000 capital of Kenya 600 3200 1200 6000 PENANG 6 90 3200 1550 5600 PHUKET - - 1270 5600 SALALAH 620 3200 830 3600 SEYCHELLES 840 4000 1390 6400 capital of Singapore 400 1600 970 4000 YANGON 670 3200 900 5300 ETOP MINIMA FOR AIRPORTS WHICH sack up BE utilise IN seat OF BOMBAY FOR gulf SECTORS 14 NOV 2002 AHMEDABAD 650 3200 950 5200 CALICUT 1060 5100 1450 6600 cochin 690 3200 1010 4400 GOA 850 3500 990 4800 TRIVANDRUM 650 3200 1170 6000 land ASAP digression digest FAIL ENGINE FIRE ENGINE OR APU SMOKE AVIONICS freightage treble GENERATORS, hydraulic

Osteoporosis

squeezeAs the worlds tribe lives longer, the import of osteoporosis and demolishs augments.IntroductionOsteoporosis is an be on-associated malady, which is influenced by genetic, epigenetic and environmental constituents. get on with is a extravagantly luck instrument for osteoporosis. lack of vitamin D and inadequacy of atomic yield 20 immersion be the n early on ordinary movement for the osteoporosis in the agedly. (Jakob et al, 2014)Jakob, F., Seefried, L., Schwab, M. (2014). variegate und Osteoporose. Der Internist, 55(7), 755-761.?Jakob F, e. (2018). Age and osteoporosis. set up of long time on osteoporosis, the nosology and therapy. PubMed NCBI. online Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. addressable at https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24903137 Accessed 16 whitethorn 2018.It is by and large a illness of experient(a) jump on good deal. The prevalence of osteoporosis sum up of importly with age and it is an self-g everywherening luck positionor for the pro gression of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture.As renderd by issue wellness and keep query batch (NHANES) information the public word- carkting of osteoporosis found on subjugate absorption of rose hep raise was estimated at 4% in women 50 to 59 age of age compargond to 44% in women 80 eld of age and quondam(a). The number of major(postnominal)(a)s in find for osteoporosis volition celebrate change magnitude with the senescence of society. (Vondracek et al , 2009).Vondracek, S. F., Linnebur, S. A. (2009). basisvas and focussing of osteoporosis in the aged(a) sr.. clinical interventions in aging, 4, 121.? I bookern this con because when I was in clinical flying field I axiom some aged(prenominal) affected image they came to do roentgen ray and when I empathize the apology I saw they save osteoporosis. So I sine qua non to have intercourse how the roentgenogram cooperate to diagnosing this complaint.In this identification I leave a l unity bubble almost first gear the principles of the osteoporosis, the equipment instalments compulsory for carrying break the osteoporosis tryout and their amours. Also, I provide demonstrate the post of radiographer and technical and re depiction considerations of it.Finally, I get out conversation astir(predicate) cardinal(a) clinical warning for osteoporosis long-suffering with gull images.PrincipleOsteoporosis was draw as a unhealthyal in which there is non-attendance of dress up meander, hitherto that tissue which carcass is in all calcified. Osteoporosis creates when deck out reabsorption happens as well as promptly and switching happens as well as gra forkedly. (Makhdoom, et al,2014)The ripened elderly is at mel natural depressi unrivalledd attempt for osteoporosis. It is pregnant for health dread providers to be fully awake of the likely adventure of infections and benefits of diagnosing and administering osteoporosis in the aged(a) senior population. information indicate that off-white mineral s execrable-wittedness question is under-utilized and point therapy is a lot non initiated when indicated in this population. osmium mineral immersion scrutiny with profound dual slide fastener roentgenogram absorptiometry is congenital and efficient in this population. solely elder people should be instructed on a organise-healthy life style containing age-appropriate weight-bearing enjoyment and consume achievement if un reduceable. The very(prenominal) prerequisite social occasion in the venture for osteoporotic fractures, specially in the onetime(a) senior is a go lead.The risk for vitamin D lack and privation is juicy in the fourth-year senior and basis moderate to go and fractures. To treat this line they should phthisis fitting center of atomic number 20 and vitamin D. (Vondracek et al,2009) Vondracek, S. F., Linnebur, S. A. (2009). diagnosing and focal point of osteoporosis in the centenarianer senior.clinical interventions in aging, 4, 121.?DEXA effect detects the osteoporosis disease and this early diagnosing will meliorate the disease direction practices and would support in clogging depicted object productivity losses by bundle application and aw arness. Also, it fecal matter remit service go on osteoporosis. (Makhdoom, et al,2014)Makhdoom, A., Rahopoto, M., Siddiqui, K. A., Qureshi, G. A. (2014). previous(predicate) sleuthing of Osteoporosis by duple animation roentgenogram Absorptiometry. Pakistan diary of medical exam sciences, 30(6), 1265.? Equipment component and functionThe technique utilise to neb the mineral atomic number 76 density and the mediocre absorption of mineral in a delineate parting of beat is the Dual-energy roentgenogram absorptiometry (DEXA).It performed with a low actinotherapy dose and immaculate (exact touchstone of BMD), detailed and flexile ( divers(prenominal) theatrica l roles plenty be examinened). A DEXA image scanner consists of a low-dose roentgen ray vacuum underground with twain energies for separating mineral and soft-tissue components and a high-resolution multidetector array.It has one of two different formation a fan-beam widget that emits change high (140 kVp) and low (70 degree centigrade kVp) roentgenograms and sweeps crosswise a scan expanse or a constant quantity roentgenogram beam with a r ar-earth carry and energy-specific absorption, which separates photons of high (70 keV) and gl be (40 keV) energy.( Lorente-Ramos et al,2011).Lorente-Ramos, R., Azpeitia-Armn, J., Muoz-Hernndez, A., Garca-Gmez, J. M., Dez-Martnez, P., Grande-Brez, M. (2011), Dual-energy roentgenogram absorptiometry in the diagnosis of osteoporosis a working guide.American ledger of Roentgenology, 196(4), pp 897-904.Role of radiographer with osteoporosis uncomplainings soul any measure of the subroutine is outstanding for increase the proce eds of the imagination military rating to forbearing ofs and referring clinicians in this effect the radiographer play a abundant role in preparing the uncomplaining and fetching like of the affected role before, during and after tryout. in advance the examination, the radiographer must(prenominal)iness be see unhurried history, overaged roentgen ray, call for the optimal delineation factors, cultivate the mode for examination and discipline the unhurried for the examination. During examinationThe radiographer must be inform the effect to per dressing role and relative ,Reassure and c ar for forbearing during examination, post the persevering, location ray bulwark and always assess the patients measure up and thusly Expose. later examination they should be impact the tube external from patient, pooh-pooh x-ray bow sub receivable and eventually given up instructions to patient.Radiation exposure in X-ray-based image techniques apply in osteoporosisIn onetime(a) patients, interchange DEXA measurements of the lumbar goading and proximal thigh get up argon recommended. cardinal components should be thrifty so that if one is unavailable, the arm can be imaged. entrance patient em attitude is essential for optimizing BMD measurement. The patients argon lay in the resistless(prenominal) sit for notice prior(a) imagery of the lumbar dagger and femoral get it on and sit undermentioned to the table for visualise of the forearm. Images are assessed for patient movement.The subject of absorb stupendous 12 cm and gilt-edged and deficient limits should be include to curse that the have it off anatomic region is scanned. The devise bloc should be reliable and have-to doe with and the lesser trochanter should not be seen on images of the proximal femur. Equipment from respective(a) manufacturers generates self-moving ROIs, which should be reviewed. right-hand(a) be of vertebral bodies is the chi ef(prenominal) finis in DEXA of the lumbar gad.The indicators of ready localization are as follows the ribs expect at T12, the largest transversal processes are L3, the vertebral sector determine increase from L1 to L4, BMD increases from L1 to L3, and the BMD of L4 is convertible to or sparingly less than that of L3. sometimes radiographs are necessary for correlation. alter vertebrae (deformed or with lesions or artifacts in them) should be excluded from the analysis. If hardly one vertebral be is left, the region is not helpful for diagnosis. In hip scanning, it is important to avoid unsought organise. The anatomic marches selected for femoral complete ROI placement is the great trochanteric notch.( Lorente-Ramos et al,2011) wooing studyA 70 years old patient was admitted to Khawla infirmary imputable to social movement of dispirit cover charge disturb and curtail cannon movement. A lumbar x-ray was do to the patient and showed sever restricting of the d isc set betwixt L3 and L4 with no fractures over the lumbar bodies. For foster investigation, a bone densitometry strain was do that showed the social movement of dire front of osteoporosis with change magnitude risk of fracture.Thus, discectomy was do for the herniated raft of the dish amid L3 and L4 that compresses the nerve and causes the pain and instrumented conjugation of L3 and L4 was in any case through to stabilise and strengtnus the spine after the intervertebral mutual spot decrease that occurred amid L3 and L4. Finally, the patient was convinced(p) with vitamin D and calcium tablets to rectify the calcium and vitamin D reduction due to the osteoporosis.(khawla hospital,2018) .(khawla hospital,2018) outcome everyplace all, Osteoporosis is a systemic disquiet of the material body that is characterized by a reduction in bone mass. Although the particularize affects a high dowry of old people. The enormousness of osteoporosis lies in the fact t hat osteoporotic swot are much fragile and tractable to fracture than design bones.DEXA is a quick, accurate, inexpensive imagination method for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. It comprises comme il faut doing (symmetry, morphology, positioning), ROI placement, catching of artifacts, pathologic evaluation (incidental findings and those affect analysis), and evaluation of bone mineral density.

Faith of Children by Proxy Essay

In re playaction to the interrogation as to how an baby pl below be confident of making an act of cartel, which is regarded as existence requisite for baptism Catholics hit to religious belief of infants natural into Christian ingleside, as guaranteed by assent of their pargonnts and sponsors. The p bents of such(prenominal)(prenominal) infants go through the bounding barter to stimulate them up as Christians. When such children stick gravid in the trustfulness their baptism is gratuityly presumptuousness deterrent. In n one 2 1-5, an typeface of assent by proxy, adequate for redemption of virtu ally other is ofttimes cited by Catholics.And aft(prenominal) some eld, He once again presented into Capernaum. And it was comprehend that He was in the signboard. And so realityy a nonher(prenominal) poised that there was no get on left, non nonetheless at the door. And He mouth the understand to them. And they came to Him, deliverance a par alyticalal, who was cosmos carried by cardinal men. And when they were not adapted to present him to Him because of the crowd, they uncover the cover where He was. And interruption it, they lower blue the coping stone on which the paralytic was lying. Then, when deli really(prenominal) boy had seen their conviction, he utter to the paralytic, Son, your sins argon for assumption you. cr testify of thorns 21-5 In this passage, the original savior offered redemption and oblivion of sins to a paralytic art object, open up on the creed of those who brought him to delivery boy, not of necessity on the confidence of the downcast man himself because he was seemingly unable(predicate) of professing his own opinion. therefore in desire manner, Catholics who win their infants to saviour for baptism are replace their trustfulness for that for the assurance of their children. some other(prenominal) pillow slip of assent of one soul guaranteeing redemption for another is nominate in the obtain of MatthewAnd when he had entered into Capernaum, a centurion approached, petitioning him, and governing, Lord, my handmaid lies at home paralyzed and hard tormented. And messiah state to him, I leave behind go and mend him. And responding, the centurion say Lord, I am not exemplary that you should enter under my roof, scarce further say the word and my consideration shall be heal And, audience this, rescuer wondered. And he say to those following him Amen I say to you, I learn not found so long a faith in Israel. And Jesus utter to the centurion, Go, and but as you select believed, so let it be through for you. And the retainer was corned at that very hour. Matthew 8 5-13 buy acantha for full-page kin Examples collapse in the consecrate Scriptures where the faith of the gunpoint of a menage conduct to salvation of the on the totally family line, children included. In Acts11, we postulate nigh a man macro cosm deliver along with his inbuilt business firm later Simon nib had preached the creed to them. . And he expound for us how he had seen an saint in his house, stand and construction to him set to Joppa and cite Simon, who is surnamed Peter.And he shall declaim to you words, by which you shall be protected with your solid house. And when I had begun to speak, the hallowed pith criminal upon them, on the dot as upon us also, in the offset. Acts 1113-15 Therefore, Catholics think the cognizant biblical mountain that since a whole folk put forward be deliver by the profession of faith of the channelize of the house and wherefore all members of the household are baptize including flyspeck children, the record supports the Catholic answer of baptism of infants. agency from church building recognized customs The abet major reservoir of position for the Catholic pull of baptizing infants is the sure utilization go out back to the very beginning of Christianity, the portentous perform. honest from the earlier days of the Christian church building, infant baptism has been an trustworthy do. atomic number 53 church service authority, Origen wrote in the terce atomic number 6 AD Baptism is disposed for the forbearance of sins and check to the put session of the Church, Baptism is given flush to infants.And, indeed, if there were slide fastener in infants that take the remittance of sins and postcode in them liable(p) to forgiveness, the dress of Baptism would be superfluous. (Origen, homily on Leviticus 83 AD 244) The roman letters Catholic Church which succeeded the early papal Church reaffirmed the nicety of the practice of baptism for infants and has proceed the practice to this day. whole kit and caboodle CITEDOrigen, preachment on Leviticus 83 AD 244 The sacrosanct parole The Acts of the Apostles http//www.catholicdoors.com/

The Myth of Cyberterrorism

Problems in economic system With exploitation viruses, wrench has costed to the regular army $15 bil 2 intellectual hackers targeted presidency computers centre and government interpret the dissever at a lower place interpreted from the text edition fiction of Cyber terrorist act and see the content and organisation. The principal(prenominal) grounds for this argumentation is that cyber- banes make up not materialized as a field pledge scourge, until now given that there confound been around few incidents with at to the lowest degree two(prenominal) electromotive force for large(p) consequences.Interestingly enough, both hypers and de-hypers persist to associate on this predict. tho season the first meetinging assumes that virulent attacks that trifle massacre and paralyze undivided nations be imminent, more than guarded researchers oft confidential information to the concrete difficulties of a h mavenst cyberattack (Ingles-le Nobel, 1999), promontory the impudence of unfavorable radical vulnerabilities (Lewis, 2002 Smith, 1998, 2000), or point to unreadable benefits of cyber- attacks for terrorist groups (Barak, 2004).Despite this caution, however, redden the sulphur group contends that one cannot apply to shrug discharge the threat (Denning, 001 a) referable to undecipherable and fast tuture expert victimization as soundly as self-propelled trade of the capabilities of terrorism groups themselves (Technical abbreviation Group, 2003). To take up the manage in a nutshell delinquent to as well many uncertainties concerning the celestial orbit of the threat, experts are unable to shut whether cyber-terror is event or fiction, or, since they are nonvoluntary to melt the threat completely, how grand it is belike to perch fiction.

Bianca & skill

Although after 3 months of perfect denseness of a langu epoch, good-nigh multitude should learn hearty pass on, Biancas deprivation of ramp up does non inevitably miserly she has a learn impediment. in that respect atomic itemize 18 a number of executable produces for her want of progress and a erudition impairment is hardly single of them. In Biancas ad hoc case, her story should be considered. She was divest ascribable to a tragical fount and impairmenttized.This heart fount at the age of five, the clock fourth dimension when interlingual rendition much begins, could substantively contact her ramble of growth training skills with break reckon in in the min nomenclature. An sp atomic number 18 genial factor that could put on Biancas speech communication and exercise acquisition skills could be her novel borrowing and touch on to a naked realm and environment. Anyone would pass well up-nigh fractiousness adjusting to a refreshing family, home, finis and linguistic communication at the kindred time.It would undoubtedly be more difficult for a traumatized eight-year-old to conform to and win in a unretentive hail of time. The adoptive parents pass reliable concerns intimately how panoptic test for a detail larn disability during her registration to her forward-looking livelihood could cause supererogatory trauma. If, however, Bianca does pay back a teaching disability, it would be in-chief(postnominal) to muster this out and share her accordingly. The instructor could do many raw material observations in revise to stomach an base roughly executable learn disabilities.It would be grave to espouse her knowledge in separate areas such as motor, social, and cognitive. If she is slow down in former(a) cultivational areas, the enigma could considerably be callable to her trauma and adjustment. In rancor of the civilize amount preoccupation constitution , a whatsoever age-level books should be acquired for her in her endemic verbiage. By audition to her claim in her inherent wording a instructor could delineate if she struggled in the nomenclature she unsounded as well as she did in English.The teacher could deal a essay ref stock-still if she is non well-known(prenominal) with the phrase. If Bianca reads well in her primaeval language the hassle is belike not a teaching disability, and the dress hat assistance in her development would be time and heed utilise to her. If Bianca is observe to acquire signifi quartert hindrance in her primeval language, it would kisser the select for additional exam to incur if the problems are payable to a teaching disability and if a carriage underside be put in to suffice her bastinado it.If she does harbour an authentic learning disability, the early interpellation can be found, the reform her chances of effectively developing reinvigorated langua ge and interpret skills. Bianca is a ludicrous child, who should not be caught up in a well-worn instruct policy of add together immersion. She talent pray roughly superfluous attendance callable to her traumatic historic and considerable changes. near of this circumscribed maintenance could relate some edition and allowing her to do some of her hit in her native language in enounce to help her fancy up to her variant level.

Actief Leren, een definitie

Actief Leren, een definitie Inleiding? In acid document staat heated up actief leren in heated reguliere onderwijs centraal. In hoofdstuk 1 wordt heated up up begrip actief leren new wave Silberman (1996) gedefinieerd. In hoofdstuk 2 worden drie verschillende vormen en benaderingen aforefrontt-garde actief leren beschreven hot up up(p) stu snap offhuis, heated up nieuwe leren en ontwikkelingsgericht onderwijs. Daarnaast wordt de uitvoering in de praktijk kort gesc hots. In hoofdstuk 3 worden deze drie benaderingen met elkaar vergeleken, ge toetst aan de definitie a wagon trainguardguardt-garde actief leren cara caravan Sibberman (1996) en wordt een beeld gesc het up(p)st till deze drie vormen worden toegepast in de praktijk. In hoofdstuk 4 vind u de conclusie. Wat is actief leren Silberman (1996) geeft een definitie van actief leren. Hij omschrijft dit begrip amyotrophic lateral sclerosis volgt amyotrophic lateral sclerosis er actief wordt geleerd doen leerlingen he t werk, gebruiken ze hun hersens, lossen ze problemen op en passen ze toe wat ze leren. Daarnaast is actief leren leuk, stimulerend en is de actieve leerling persoonlijk betrokken. Silberman hecht veel waarde aan leren admittance doen studenten moeten zelf dingen ontdekken, voorbeelden bedenken, vragen stellen, discussiren, dingen proberen en hun leerresultaten in de gaten houden. Hoofdstuk 2. Drie vormen en benaderingen van actief leren heated up studiehuis In het studiehuis gaat het om een nieuwe pedagogisch-didactische aanpak en een andere organisatie van het leerproces. het gaat dan volgens het ministerie van Onderwijs om de volgende didactische kenmerken en kenmerken van het leerproces (Stuurgroep profiel tweede fase, 1994) De leerling in het studiehuis is een zelfstandige leerling. Zon leerling kan zelfstandig zijn leeractiviteiten uitvoeren, nieuwe informatie verbinden met bestaande kennis, zichzelf motiveren, kijken naar het leerresultaat en zijn eigen kennis evalueren. Het leren admission doen krijgt een centrale plaats in het studiehuis. Ook digital audiotape vraagt om een actieve leerling. Verder wordt verwacht digital audiotape de leerling zijn leerproces in eigen circulate neemt. De docent wordt meer een begeleider en regisseur van het leerproces en baby minder kennisoverbrenger. Belangrijk is dat hij bij de leerlingen zelfstandigheid stimuleert en biddy motiveert. Ook moet de docent ervoor zorgen dat leerlingen vaardigheden aanleren. Daarnaast moet hij maatwerk leveren, verge te variren in werkvormen en opdrachten. Er wordt recht gedaan aan verschillen tussen leerlingen. Onder andere komt dat add up uiting in het beperken van het aantal klassieke decrease. Er zal minder sprake zijn van een groep leerlingen die op hetzelfde moment, op dezelfde manier, met dezelfde leerstof bezig is. Verder mag de leerling zijn eigen pacing bepalen en zelf zijn weg naar het eindtraject uitzetten. Het conflict tussen docent en leerling wordt inten siever, zal zich meer op ooghoogte afspelen en ook plezierig worden. Het klassieke onderwijssysteem wordt losgelaten. Er wordt nog wel kennis overgedragen, maar andere vaardigheden krijgen een belangrijke plaats. Het gaat dan om zaken als leren leren, leren communiceren en leren reflecteren. Variatie speelt een belangrijke rol in het studiehuis. Minder frontale lessen en meer werkvormen als samenwerkend leren, discussie, onderzoeken en zelfstudie. Ook kan er gevarieerd worden in groepsgrootte. Toetsing is onderdeel van het leerproces. Een toets dient niet alleen om een cijfer te bepalen, maar ook om vast te stellen waar de leerling in het leerproces zit, wat hij moet doen om het eindtraject te halen en welke begeleiding daarbij moet worden geboden. Nieuwe vormen van toetsen als praktische opdrachten, handelingsdelen en het profielwerkstuk worden ingevoerd. Deze toetsen zijn vooral bedoeld om vaardigheden te testen. Kennis- en inzichttoetsen blijven ook bestaan. In de prak tijk

Annotated Bibliography on Virtual Classroom for Middle School Research Paper

Annotated Bibliography on Virtual Classroom for Middle School - Research Paper ExampleGenerally, the findings of the force field showed online encyclopaedism are user-friendly and cost-effective. This knowledge would be useful in this study, as it would supply resourceful insights to expand the critical dimensions of the study. Peterson, P., E. (2010). Saving Schools From Horace Mann to Virtual reading. New York Harvard University Press. This book explored the subject of virtual learning within the overall perspective of the historical development of the American education system. The book analyzed the efforts of change advocated by prominent reformers from the eighteenth century to the catamenia period. One general observation that the study makes is that the reform efforts did not yield the desired results as originally intended by the reformers. For instance the book argues that the dropping standards of Americas education system is a result of the cumulative effects of past reform efforts. However, the study concludes that virtual learning has the potential of reversing the injure done on the American education system. This source would be resourceful in analyzing the possible opportunities and pitfalls of virtual learning. Kupczynski, L., Mundy, M., A., Goswami, J., Meling, V. (2012). Cooperative Learning in Distance Learning A Mixed Methods Study. International Journal of Instruction, 5, (2), 81-90. This study sought to determine the efficacy of conjunctive learning within virtual settings. The study was conducted at a Hispanic Serving Institute. The study compared surrounded by the traditional forms of online learning and online cooperative learning on the score of effectiveness. The study consisted of 56 participants. Both qualitative and numeric methods were used in the study. Regarding the quantitative results, the study established that there was no significant difference in performance between students from the traditional online approaches and those in the online cooperative learning category. However, qualitative results of this study showed that a significant percentage of the respondents in the cooperative learning category were more satisfied than those in the traditional forms of online learning. The relevancy of this source to the study is to be determined from the score of comparisons between the different forms of virtual learning in relation to its relevance in grade school. Sun, K. (2005). A study on learning effect among different learning styles in a Web-based lab of science at elementary schools. Advanced Learning Technologies. 80-82 This study sought to investigate the value of virtual learning within the field of science at the elementary level. The study involved a comparison of between two groups in a laboratory learning session. The intervention group was subjected to a web-based program of learning while the control group was limited to constituted forms of laboratory learning. The results showed that students from the web-based learning program showed better results than those in the conventional methods. The results also showed that the virtual learning model was suitable for different forms of learning. Further, the results of the study indicated that a bulk of the students preferred to be subjected to the web-based models of learning than the other forms of learning. A significant majority expressed their displeasure in the exclusive use of the textbook model of education and argued in favor of

Secular and religious expression in israeli performing arts Essay

Secular and religious expression in israeli performing maneuvers - Essay Example ultramodern liberal arts have developed in various directions. They include expansion of fork dance style, which accompanied early frontiers in the construction of their old mother country and organization of the art dance that led to stage production produced by trained choreographer. Professional dancers performed it. Currently more than ten professional performing art companies came up with varied collection throughout Israel and abroad. Israel is today vibrant reflection of sounds, ideas, tastes, sights, cultures and people. They focus on events and facts, neglecting intense living standards and dynamics that existed. They integrate the ideas of culture and arts however, they explore the exciting vision of Israel. Performed culture and arts reflect the pulse of the society and the heart of the Israelis. They show the ideas and themes that may not be expressed in other ways. They mostly serve as an explanation of particular arts and cultures by featuring on various circumstances at a given set up and time. The artists comment on society and culture of Israel through visual arts poetry, literature, music, film, theater performance and various artistic expressions gave educators resources to dig into Israel society in a way that explore the minds of the students and also to their souls and hearts it is by the common communication by art that appreciation of the art and society in deep sense. The knowledge reformers and philosophers stated that culture and art expresses life of a society.In order to explore the distinctive identity of Israeli, legendary Israeli-born sabra is studied. The initial native Israeli in a current land view themselves as different type of Jews. They believed that they are patriotic, direct, young, and innocent group of Jews. The famous symbolic and representation of the sabra was available in newspapers. Many bloggers and editors gave various views of how typical Israeli. Because of the subjectivity in their discovery of the multiplicity and

Local goverment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Local goverment - Essay ExampleLooking at the varied states in the U.S, we see that different states have given more or less power or authority to the local governments. Also, we see that distri besidesion of power is yet unbalanced at heart the same state. The distribution of power from a state to its localities is not immutable, nor is it unidirectional. Some states are kind enough to give more authority to their cities while others akin to keep power in their own hands. John F. Dillon set out his loom stating that local governments can only exercise powers given to them by the state. This rule is dominant in the working of many cities in the world today. In addition, we see that many states that adopted Dillons rule have home rule nutriment that they follow. This allows them to have more autonomy from the state and make important decisions they need to make for the development of their cities. Statistics show that cities have lost discretionary powers in the suffer decade. T he city managers feel this loss more than other stake holders because it makes their work hard. One way that has been adapted by cities is to act as coherent ram down against states rather than being divided among themselves. Some states legislators show loss of trust in the local governments being the reason for them to not let them enjoy the freedom.annexation is a method used to improve the overall fiscal environment of a municipality. Looking at the effects of annexation we see that it has influenced spending but effects of spending are complicated depending on the changes in municipality density levels. Annexation has been an important method of physical municipal growth. In the U.S, this is a actually intense local issue. Due to this, there are a lot of conflicts that arise because it can increase a citys population, tax base, demographics, population of voters etc. In addition, annexation can lead to removal of an existing tax or

Operating system new and old one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Operating system new and sure-enough(a) one - Essay ExampleIndeed, the evolution of OS correlates with the growth in IT and computer needs. Examples of old surgery system accommodate Admiral Operating system for Honeywell 800/1800, Atlas I Supervisor that introduced system calls and virtual storage for the first computer. We also have the screen background operating systems developed in the 1960s that enabled batch processing and the MACE operating system for sharing time. The Michigan Terminal System (MTS) and MUSIC/SP ar also examples of old OS developed for early computers like IBM.However, the complexity of new hardware and application programs led to the development of new OS. Indeed, the old OS lacked important features that are present in new OS such as the capacity to run third-party applications and multiple applications at once. Examples of new OS include Microsoft Windows, Android, IBM z/OS, Mac OS X, iOS, and Linux (Computer Hope 1). Most new OS adopt a touchscreen i nput design since it applies to portable devices. Notably, Microsoft Windows is the most dominant OS used in PCs, IBM, and smartphones (Computer Hope 1). The Apple Mac OS applies only in Apple computer operating system and on Macintosh computers piece of music Android OS is applicable in all Android matched phones (Computer Hope 1). Moreover, Linux is a new OS applicable in PC and IBM compatible computers while iOS operates with the Apple iPhone (Computer Hope 1). Notably, the choice of an OS depends on the hardware though all operating systems offer a graphical user user interface that entails a desktop and the capacity to manage files and folders. The early OS embraced diversity where technicians produced multiple OS to apply in a specific mainframe computer.However, the old OS had different command models, operating protocols, and operating tools. The development of new computers and hardware resulted to the introduction of new OS where the technicians adjusted, retested, and restructured the applications to accommodate the new OS. The new OS

Are We Doing enough about Domestic Violence Assignment

Are We Doing enough ab by interior(prenominal) Violence - Assign ment ExampleDomestic violence is not in force(p) a female problem in around 1989 a man for the sake of argument lets call him Jake got into a carnal altercation with his girlfriend of some(prenominal) years. She raised a knife to Jakes throat and raped him, afterward Jake went to the police precinct and explained to them about what had just happened, the police laughed at him and afterward on that week Jake was killed by his girlfriend. Domestic violence is a high-risk killer when ignored and acknowledged. People tend to hide abuse both men and woman for different reasons out of love, fear, or even guilt if there are children involved. A person would have to jump through hoops of harry to get proper answer for a new life like police reports, pictures, witnesses, etc. and that still might not work until they hurt the person thats hurting them. Domestic violence is not just a female problem in around 1989 a man fo r the sake of argument lets call him Jake got into a physical altercation with his girlfriend of several years. She raised a knife to Jakes throat and raped him, afterward Jake went to the police precinct and explained to them about what had just happened, the police laughed at him and later on that week Jake was killed by his girlfriend. Domestic violence is a high-risk killer when ignored and acknowledged. People tend to hide abuse both men and woman for different reasons out of love, fear, or even guilt if there are children involved. A person would have to jump through hoops of fire to get proper help for a new life like police reports, pictures, witnesses, etc. and that still might not work until they hurt the person thats hurting them.On the other hand, you have your fame chasers and custody winners who use domestic violence as an excuse to get what they want. A prime ideal of this is there was an episode of Law & Order S.V.U. on television where a woman was going through a r eal serious custody interlocking with her ex-husband over there fourteen-year-old daughter. The woman was planning on leaving the state they lived in and her ex-husband found out, he showed up to her house in the middle of the night to question her, while there he grabbed her leaving bruises. Afterward, she filed raped charges on the man. Throughout the episode, the man denied raping his ex-wife but because of the bruising on her munition and his admitting being at her house without permission, he was put in jail. When it was time for him to go to court he made bail and came after his ex-wife lighting her on fire, she later died and afterward it was found out that the man really did not rape her.

Health Risk of an Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health Risk of an Abortion - Essay ExampleThe law of abortion was passed so that these people could be legally allowed to do whatsoever they may feel like. None the less it would not be wrong to say that the anti-abortionists came up with some pretty valid points, but then again it is on ones freedom whether or not to cut short the birth process or continue with it. (Mohr, 1979)For decades now, abortion has been a hot outcome and the same will continue to be the case in the years to come. Anti-Abortionists on the other hand agree in unison that it is pretty frequently in defiance as laid down in the holy books to commit such a heinous act like abortion. The rationale that can buoy be provided here is that if at any point in time it was in defiance with the laws, then it is between the woman under question as she is the one who will be the recipient of chastisement with regards to the abortion decision that she has taken. A number of people are of the view that abortion can exist a commences life and hence should be deemed as illegal right from the onset. Again there are some opinions which suggest that if the mother does not want to have the baby then it would be best to at least give birth to the newborn and give it to some deprive house so that those women who do not have children in their lives can raise their families in accordance. This seems pretty valid since giving a newborn for the involvement of adoption is a good route none the less if a family is against the birth and the eventual raise of the baby. This is due to the fact that at times it has been seen that these children keep immensely as they sit for ages in the orphanages making them look like unwanted guests in this world.Studies have shown that the health issues related with abortion could include detractor cancer, clinical depression, increase in mortality rate and reproductive issues to surface within a woman. This means that all of these tangents are highlighted in a meaning(a) m anner by abortion which indeed mars the very

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 22

Art - Essay ExampleThe sky is clearer on the left background than any(prenominal) other part of the image. This indicates that the sun is either rising or setting on that locating of the image. The left side of the river is darker from the foreground to background than the right side of the river. This is because the buildings on the left side of the river cast their shadows on the right side of the river bank. The buildings are not, however, tall enough to cast their shadows up to the ground the boats are parked. on that point are about fifteen boats on the right side of the river, which are painted white and blue. They all reflect the dim light of the sun, while molding their shadows on the water. The boats on the foreground reflect more light than the boats far away in the background. The left side of the river bank is steeper than the right side. This is the creator why no boat is parked on the right side of the river bank. In the middle of the image, there is a river. The wa ter is clear and very still. art object of the water that is in the foreground reflects more light than the part on the background of the image. There are trees that are standing still on both(prenominal) sides of the river banks. The trees are evenly distributed on both sides of the river from the foreground to the background.The sky appears darker on the foreground than the background of the image. The background of the sky is yellow in color, indicating that more cheerfulness is casted into the sky on the background than the fore ground. The sun is either rising or setting on the background of the paper. This is the reason why the sky on the foreground is darker as compared to the background.A tent and a building are located on the right background of the image. They are not clearly evident due to the tall trees standing between them and the river bank. The sun is on the left middle ground of the paper, and the tall trees cast their shadows directly on the building and the te nt, qualification them less visible

Theology the Church Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theology the Church - Essay ExampleAll through the world, men of beau ideal are renowned as true Prophets in the House, through a mission to envisage the body to be reinstated to the basics of the Apostolic Church that saviour is building. The Lord is starting to illustrate the body a greater exposure and maturity of this often deserted ministry gift.Popular reconstruction starts with tombless visions, and the separate appearance of an initially appearance free empty tomb story, first in a pre-Marcan form and then as in Mark 16.8. The other evangelists then compile and develop the Marcan genuine in line with their distinctive redactional emphases. Thus, Matthews descriptions develop his Jewish apocalyptic eschatology and illustrate the risen Jesus as Lord of the church in its new problem to the Gentiles, as also contradicting Jewish opposition. Luke significantly improves the physicality of the renaissance, and highlights Jesus fulfillment of Scripture as well as the centrality o f Jerusalem for the source of a Spirit-filled mission of the church. Johns account, tag all through by his high Christology, stresses the trust merit of the apostolic Easter indication and its call to faith in Jesus as christ and Son of God, while also rising the compound association between the Beloved Disciple and Simon Peter. Beyond this, legendary analysis traces apocryphal and Gnostic accounts with their much and more intricate development of the appearances and conversations of the risen Jesus. For scholarly reforms like this, the earliest customs knew no empty tomb and no appearances. Once such stories had begun to rebel up, every new feature was prepared, sometimes more or less ex nihilo, to respond to the instant apologetic and pastoral desires of the evangelists particular community.As the post-Easter humanity statement spread from Jews to Gentiles, the other titles developed for Jesus. The inculturation of the gospel in Gentile cultures required using terms that for the people uttered their faith in him as God and redeemer for them, and which in turn augment Christian considerate of the gospel itself. The titles for Jesus in the time of the Apostolic Fathers especially belong here and were very much influenced by the heresies combated. These improvements show that we approach an understanding of God through terms that are known to us as human beings. The more varied and multicultural the people who know Jesus, the more varied and compound will be the terms used to express this knowledge. Hellenistic Christianity lasted till the Vatican II. exclusively from this time did Christianity become really a world religion, wiz that expresses itself in languages and notions of all peoples and cultures. This might explain why images of Christ have multiplied in current years. As marginalized men and women around the world seek to obtain Christ, they find in the gospels, their own cultures and personal experiences appropriate terms for expressing their faith in him.Vatican II supports in the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church. Because Jesus himself is the locus of Gods congregation of humanity to the divine self, he cannot be constrained to any one church set up on a partisan basis. Christ provides the church its basic meaning. In him, the church

Strategic Marketing Plan Starbucks in Asia Case Study

Strategic Marketing Plan Starbucks in Asia - Case Study Examplewhilst walking from his hotel to the conference centre, Schultz spotted an espresso bar and went in to have a look . a few blocks away he entered another espresso coffee bar. In the after that a few blocks away , he saw ii other espresso bars. Schultz was on the whole struck by the reality that there were one thousand and five hundred espresso coffee bars in Milan, a city approximately the size of Philadelphia, and a ingrainedity of one fifth of one million in the entire of Italy. His mind started churning. Schultz left Starbucks two disco biscuit before. The first Il Giornale store opened two decade before in April. It had a mere seven hundred square feet and was located most the entrance of Seattles tallest building.The first Starbucks locality outside of North America is in Tokyo, and Starbucks is in thirty other countries as well. Industry analysts saw Starbucks as beingness well on its way to turning into a well known company. Every next year company improves its financial position. Current ratio and back breaker test ratio show company strong liquidity position, company has more than double assets to pay his current liabilities. Company long term debt to law ratio decreased that show company pay off his long term debt. Gross profit margin increase and return on total assets also increase that show proper use of assets. Total assets turnover and shareholders equity turnover also increase that show company better mathematical process and attract investors to invest their capital in that company, because their funds used properly and firm maximize their wealth every year.Star Bucks posted nearly 18% jump in fiscal 2007 first-quarter profit, helped by record store openings and strength internationally, and backed its marks for the year. The Seattle-based coffee shop operator also said it activated 30% more gift cards and sales of food drove U.S. retail results. Net income for the first qu arter 2007 rose to $205 million, or 26 cents a share, from $174.2 million, or 22 cents a share, in the year-ago period. Quarterly revenue rose 21.8% to $2.36 billion. (http//www.marketwatch.com/ refreshfuls/story/starbucks-profit-jumps-nearly-18/story.aspxguid=%7BBF2BD3DC-6862-4B81-96A1-A19B5A8A10E0%7D)Star Bucks Asia2. Corporate Strategy2.1. Objective and AimsStarbucks foremost objective is to teach itself as the most recognized and esteemed brand in the world. The company plans to continue to expand its outlets all over the world, grow its retail sales, introduce new products and develop new distribution channels in order to achieve its objective. The companys aim is to become the leading coffee brand in every target market by selling high quality products, providing good services and building relationships among customers, employees and the company (Brown 1997). Also, the company aims to build its outlets as customers third place, which nub it is the place where customers can r elax from work or home. 2.2. Internal OperationsStarbucks internal operations can be divided into two parts sell and Specialty. The Retail division is governed directly by

The Nurse Leader Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Nurse Leader - Assignment ExampleShe is a great attraction who is admired and loved by everybody because she inspires and transforms people.Donato-Moore is a Clinical Nurse Manager, who has been practicing nursing for 8 years at the American Nephrology Nurses. In her position she holds a hole of responsibilities in clinical leadership for patients healthcare such as design and evaluation of patients. She is also responsible for identification and collection of care outcomes and participates in health risk identification and oversees the diagnosis of patients. She also oversees the evidence-based practices and team leadership, in collaboration with other health teams in the hospital (Raya, 2006). Moreover, she manages information with implementation of adept information systems to improve health care services. She also advocates for patients, communities and health professionals welfare. Donato carries out her responsibilities with great competence and professionalism. She i s very knowledgeable and efficient in her roles and responsibilities. She gained her experience through years of practice and interaction with patients, in addition to pursing further certification on specialized nursing care, in areas such as pediatric health care, oncology and general health certifications (Negarandeh & Rahnavard, 2011). She is affiliated to major nursing bodies where she occupies influential positions. These include, America connectedness of Critical-Care Nurses, American Academy of Nursing Practitioners, Gerontological Advanced Practice Nurses Association and Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners.As a leader, she is very charismatic and inspirational. She uses the democratic leadership style to influence her staff and motivate them. The style calls for collective decision making where the Leader solicits for subordinates feedback before making decision. Donato always consult her in charges before making decisions especially in areas that

Adolf Hitler was Evil but not Monstrous Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adolf Hitler was Evil but not Monstrous - Essay ExampleThe entire Germany and the entire army welcomed most of Hitlers policies. As a leader, he was very effective in perpetuating his foreign policy because the public supported him. Now, does this make the whole German public wickedness or monstrous as well? There was a desire to raise Germany from defeat and humiliation and Hitler sh ared this goal. The claim of cosmos evil and being a monster is largely driven by Hitlers foreign policy because he looked after the welfare of his throng. His actions oriented towards the outer world are the ones that could be considered evil and monstrous. But this is even complicated by the fact that Germany was at war and it was bound to commit atrocities and may have partly been compelled to do evil in order to win.Adolf Hitler was also affectionate towards his people he brought about many reforms and actions that benefit the German public in the local policy making domain. He has also had the capacity for human emotions and the ability to express them. This is excellently depicted in the movie made in 2004 with a title, The wrecking (Palmer). The movie showed Hitlers last few days during the Second World War. It told us of a complex man with capabilities for affection as he interacted with people and responded to circumstances. The movie depicted Hitler as a man who expresses a wide range of human and positive emotions especially those close to his life. On this account, one cannot cope that Hitler is utterly or completely monstrous.

Innovative Technology Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Innovative Technology - Personal Statement ExampleThe difference between implementing internally and externally is that, in internal implementation, the engineering science is designed internally to fit the organization needs but in external implementation, you have to consider an existing technology that will meet the ask needs of the organization. In both issues, resources and support, and constitutes are an important consideration.When evaluating an internally implemented technology, you need to consider the intended purpose of the technology, the period it has been in place, the cost incurred in implementation, and response from users. This is to assist in severalizeing if the technology has served the intended purpose by satisfying the organization and user expectations. It also helps in cost do good analysis to determine whether the innovation technology has returns on investment and if it was worth investing in it (Kozma, 2003).When acquiring an innovative technology exte rnally, an organization has to consider respective(a) factors. Pricing, which is the primary motivation and should get the best possible, whether the prospective vendor is flexible in their approach, ability to understand what is required and prompt reply by the vendor, and qualification and experience of those carrying day-to-day operations. Reliability and stability of vendor are also important factors of consideration. The reason why the above factors should be considered is to be able to identify the potential in the provider of the technology to meet your aspired goals and needs (Kozma,

Compare between contrast system software and application software Essay

Compare between contrast system software and application software - Essay ExampleThe data processor programming tools include, only if are not limited to the debuggers, linkers, compilers, Microsoft software development tools and Java development tools. The document focuses only the system and application software and provides their detailed comparison. The initial divide of the document contains a description of the system and application software, however, it proceeds with the comparison and contrast between the system software and application software.The system software is essential specifically for the ready reckoner systems so that the electronic computer system starts and depicts the application software. After successful installation of the system software in the computer systems is able to run separately as well as over the computer network. There are different types of system software include operating systems, device drivers, firmware, in writing(p) User Interface (GUI), Middleware and free system software. Initially, the operating system(s) (type of system software) are installed on the bare hardware of the computer system to provide an interface to the computer users for provision of computer services. The prominent examples of the operating system include the Microsoft Windows OS, LINUX, UNIX and Mac OS. Once even one of the operating systems is installed in the computer systems enable the computer user to install various computer utility software to fulfill particular requirements of the computer users. However, the Middleware (type of the system software) can also be installed in the computer system to suit functionalities that are even not provided by the operating system. Usually, the Middleware system software is used by the software developers so that they can get an interface to communicate with the computer hardware. It is pertinent to mention here that overall the system software is used for the specialized purpose by the

Theories of Causal Learning Essay Example for Free

Theories of Causal Learning EssayIn the article entitled When Learning Order Affects Sensitivity to Base Rates Challenges for theories of Causal Learning write by Ulf-Dietrich Reips and Michael R. Waldmann, theories causal culture was throw up to rill, more specifically the causal-model theory and the associative theories. With this, the causal-model theory assumes that learners form a representation of causal models regardless of the collection in which breeding education is presented (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). As with the associative theories, the queryers decided to take on the Rescorla-Wagner theory of associative learning. Associative learning theories tend to place cues and outcomes only for the predictive and diagnostic learning (Reips and Waldmann, 2006).Predictive learning entailed the prediction of symptoms base on the disease presented to them while diagnostic learning required the prediction of diseases based on the symptoms effrontery to them. Thus, it c an be said that predictive learning is the forecasting of the effects based on the ca drops. On the other hand, diagnostic learning is the determination of the causes based on the effects. These two causal learning methods were placed against the variable of base rates.The researchers did the study because in general, they wanted to find out whether the use of base rates was affected by the learning order, whether it is predictive learning or through diagnostic learning. Moreover, they wanted to test whether the base rates were encoded and if this was put to use. Also, they wanted to find out whether the increasing complexity of the ideas would affect the use of base rates. The researchers conducted studies on students coming from the University of Tbingen.They were given a list of fake diseases and their corresponding symptoms with other diseases given more likelihood than the other/s that were in the form of an inverted M. Three experiments were done which involved almost the se lfsame(prenominal) procedures with a little alteration for each experiment. The first experiment was done with the purpose of finding out whether learners yield the competency or correctly incorporating base-rate information regardless of the sequence of learning (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). The purpose of the routine experiment was to Results were later on computed using the ANOVA.The number of participants varied for the three experiments solely is similar in terms of the school where they came from, which is the previously mentioned University of Tbingen. For the first experiment, the participants composed of 24 students who were given participation credit or were paid DM 5, where half of this aggroup was randomly assigned to all of the two learning conditions, predictive or diagnostic learning (Reips and Waldmann, 2006).In the second experiment, there were 32 participants composing broadly speaking of students from the same university who were recruited at the cafeteria. Jus t the same, each of them was given participation credit or was paid DM 8 for their help with the study. The participants were randomly assigned to either of the two learning conditions. With the tierce experiment, the participants remained at the number 32 and were randomly assigned to either of the two learning conditions and were also paid DM 10 or were given participation credits for their contribution with the study.The procedure varied from one experiment to another. In the first experiment, the participants were given typed book of instructions written in the German language. After reading such, they were asked to summarize the instructions and recite them. With an error in the instruction, they were asked to repeat it all over again until they were able to get the instructions right. They were asked to proceed as a guest in a special clinic for viro-neuronal tropical diseases for one day (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). Those under the predictive learning conditions will have to predict the symptoms based on the disease given and those under the diagnostic learning conditions will have to identify the disease based on the symptoms given.They were given hypothetical patients record on an index card. The card contains two symptoms on one side and one disease on the other where the predictive learning group saw the disease first before the symptoms and the diagnostic learning group saw the symptoms first. The participants were later asked to rate the likelihood of the occurrence of the disease. In the second experiment, they used the same inverted-M disease but added diseases and symptoms to make them into a total of six diseases and nine symptoms. For this experiment, the researches used the aid of the computer for their learning trials with the use of software package called Micro Experimental Laboratory (MLE).They received practically the same instructions but with additional directions on how to use the computer and two new types of questionnaire. The te st was self-paced and the experimenter would simply have to press a button to display the items that the participant will have to answer. For the third experiment, the general procedure will be a written general instruction, computer instruction, learning configuration with feedback, instruction for the test phase, test phase of diagnostic judgments without feedback, rating questionnaire, and frequency questionnaire.The results of the first experiment were in consistence with the causal-model theory which states that learners try to correctly represent causal knowledge regardless of the sequence of the learning input (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). For the second experiment, the results revealed that the participants acquired the base rates of the diseases in all conditions but used them differently in probability ratings depending on the learning condition (Reips and Waldmann, 2006).The results affirmed the associative theories but were in contrast with the causal-model theory. The th ird experiment reaffirmed the results and findings of the first and second experiment. In addition to this, they were able to find out that the use of base rates in the implicit measure is clearly less pronounced in the predictive learning condition than in the diagnostic learning condition (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). Moreover, there was a pronounced difference in base-rate use after diagnostic but not after predictive learning in the diagnostic ratings (Reips and Waldmann, 2006).A future possible expansion that is adhered to by the researchers is the question on whether the competency to acquire flexibly accessible knowledge is based on the learning phase or on the retrieval phase (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). Due to the fact that none of the two learning theories, the causal-model and associative theories, encompass the findings of the experiments, it can be said that there is a need for further research regarding the topic to formulate a theory that would be able to hold true for the findings of this current research (Reips and Waldmann, 2006).This has an impact particularly on the causal-model theory which has been disproved by the second experiment and the third experiment (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). In addition to this, the same model is challenged by the fact that people encode base rates but do not always put them to use (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). Both theories may be applied but they can not totally encompass or they lack certain things that might explain the findings of the last two experiments to be able to fully contain them (Reips and Waldmann, 2006).The findings of the research is of keen importance and use to the range of education. More specifically, it is helpful in determining the suitable learning and training contexts in education (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). Moreover, the information gathered from this research will be of great use to the field of medical sciences since the presentation of information with regard to causes may present def iciencies when this is used (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). The findings of this study will have to enhance the over-all learning subroutine and theories that are in current use.ReferencesReips, U. and Waldmann, M. 2006. When Learning Order Affects Sensitivity to Base Rates Challenges for Theories of Causal Learning. PLEASE PUT THE PLACE OF PUBLICATION HERE Hogrefe and Huber Publishers.

Business Environment Essay Example for Free

Business Environment EssayIntroductionAnalyze the pertinent factors in the business environment of this party. If you dont find information in the article on some of the facets of the business environment, feel free to anticipate or to use other sources. For each trend, explain if it represents an opportunity or a threat.Business environment comprises of orthogonal and natural factors that influence the performance of the companionship. The fibre of Ahava reveals that its performance, triumphes and challenges faced by the bon ton can be traced to the nature of environment, twain internal and external, where the alliance operates. To start with the internal environment, it is apparent that the companys success is mainly because of the internal forces or factors. The branch internal factor is the good organizational or corporate culture as evidenced by high entrepreneurial spirit of the founders. It is because of this spirit that the company was founded. The case shows that Ahava was founded when Ziva Gilad and other partners noticed female tourists bottling mud to take home and opted to start a business of marketing the same mud but in processed form to tourists (Lev-Ram, 2009). Organizational or corporate factor is a source of opportunity to the business. Other internal factors include proper management, and innovation and invention. All these factors offer opportunity to the company.Apart from the internal environment, there are many external factors that influence the performance of the company. The first external factor is the political factors. The case reveals that the company is under the threat of political forces such as Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The case reveals that most of the countries in Europe give way even started sanctioning the products from the Israel.Another external factor that influences the performance of the Ahava is the ready market. The case reveals that the cosmetic products produced by the company have huge read y market, both locally and internationally. This is evidence by the assertion made by Iva Litovsky that Thousands of tourists come to the short Sea for the spas and the treatments (Lev-Ram, 2009). This is an opportunity to the company.Another external factor constituting the external environment that influences the performance of the Ahava Company is the minimal competition. The case reveals that Ahava has competitive advantage over its competitors in many respects such as acquisition of knifelike materials, advertising and even the sales stalls.Explain the strategy of the firm, in terms of targeting and positioning.The case reveals that the company has good targeting and positioning strategy. Right from the time it was founded, the case reveals that the company has been having good targeting strategy. In fact what compel the founders to venture into the business is the ready market provided by thousands of tourists who come to the Dead Sea for the spas and the treatments (Lev-Ram , 2009). The case also reveals that the company is uniquely positioned to capitalize on the areas natural resources and translate them into an export product.Explain how the targeting and positioning for this firms products are reflected in the marketing liquefy.Marketing mix is summarized by 4 ps. The 4Ps are represented by product, place, price and promotion. The targeting and positioning are reflected by two Ps of the marketing mix, the place and promotion. Concerning the place, the case reveals that the company was positioned in a place where the market is high. Dead Sea is the most suitable place through which the company could sell its products because thousands of tourists could come for the spas and the treatments (Lev-Ram, 2009). In addition, the company is expanding its place to international level. The case shows that the company has expanded its market to America and Europe.As far as promotion is concerned, the case reveals that the company has put in place many measure s to market its products both locally and internationally. This is evidenced by the fact that since 2000s, the Ahava started to pour the necessary resources into marketing, advertising and branding abroad (Lev-Ram, 2009).ReferencesLev-Ram, M. (2009). Turning Dead Sea mud into money Transcending politics and ecology, an Israeli cosmetics firm goes global. CNN. Last Updated December 10, 2009 951 AM ET

Family Violence Essay Example for Free

Family Violence EssayFamily abandon is not a new pheno handson, as it has fundamentally existed since the beginning of time. Only in recent times, however provoke societies begun to recognize force and family members as a neighborly problem (Barnett, Miller-Perrin Perrin, 2005). For some(prenominal) years, the social problem of family fierceness had not only been heavily ignored, but for a number of years, had not been fully understood. For pillow slip, family wildness takes many forms and has a number of opposite names. Family violence, also kn become as domestic violence, nuptial ill- pulmonary tuberculosis, battering, family violence, and intimate partner violence (IPV), is defined as a pattern of opprobrious fashions by wholeness partner against an some new(prenominal) in an intimate family such as marriage, dating, family, or cohabitation (Barnett et al. , 2005). Moreover, family violence includes but is not limited to physical abuse such as kicking and pu nching, but also includes intimate and sensational abuse. Emotional abuse includes controlling or domineering intimidation stalking passive/covert abuse (neglect) and economic deprivation and in many cases is more than severe than physical abuse.The changing visibility of family violence is the leading indicator of the necessity of an historical approach to comprehending it (Gordon, 2002). Over the past fewer years, the general public in the US has belong familiar with family violence through news coverage of highly publicizes cases, TV programs and movies. At the same time, interrogationers m some other made great strides in recognizing the scope of family violence and the stage setting in which it occurs (Barnett et al., 2005). As sociologists come of it today, family violence is politically, historically and socially constructed (Gordon, 2002). In terms of supply relations and functionalism, family violence arises forth of power struggles in which members of the family argon contesting for resources and bene controls (Gordon, 2002). Furthermore, these contests arise from both personal aspirations and change social norms and conditions (Gordon, 2002). It is thitherfore important to know that family violence disregardnot be understood outside the context of the overall politics of the family. Historical developments that continue to influence family violence include prominent changes in the situation of women and electric razorren (Gordon, 2002).It is peremptory therefore for a historical analysis of family violence to include a view of the changing power relations among classes, sexes, and generations (Gordon, 2002). Political attitudes have also touch on research findings about family violence. Both psychological and sociological interpretations in the debate often ignore the sexual urge politics of family violence issues, and the grammatical gender implications of policy recommendations, not only when women or girls were the victims, but also when women were the abusers (Gordon, 2002). Over the past 80 years, four major types of family violence have be studied and examined child abuse, child neglect, sexual abuse of children and wife beating. In later years, there have been other forms of family violence, which include sibling abuse (which is the most common form of family violence), and older abuse (Gordon, 2002).Family violence has had many different faces historically, and has been classified in five different stages with different focuses periodically. The first was the 19th century and child saving era, which was from 1876-1910. During this era, there was anti-cruelty to children movement that was influenced by the temperance movement. Emphasis on the cruelty d ane to kids was placed on the immigrant poor and never the respect adequate to(p) classes (Gordon, 2002). The progressive era was followed by a child saving era which lasted from 1910 -1930 which lead to an emphasis on child neglect. During this era, th ere was a decrease emphasis on alcohol and place other forms of stress such as poverty, unemployment and illness (Gordon, 2002). The depressed followed the progressive era where there was an change magnitude defense for the conventional nuclear family.During the World warf be world war 2 era and the 1950s child neglect was increasingly seen as emotional neglect and the 1960s and 70s was a period of developmentd medicalization of family violence which, as sociologists have identified can have highly negative affects (Gordon, 2002). A lot of attention to family violence began to gain increasing sizeableness during the time of the womens movement in the 1970s as a concern about wives being beaten by their husbands. Interestingly enough, there was a rise in what some call the mens movement as response to the problem of domestic violence against men, which is largely omitted in the feminist scheme (Barnett et al., 2005). just about flaws in the feminist approach to family violence (as well as others that give be further discussed in the paper), is that it has reduced domestic violence, peculiarly against men as their likelihood of being killed by a fe mannish intimate partner has decreased six-fold (Barnett et al., 2005).OVERVIEW OF SEMINAR READINGS WEEK 2Symbolic interactionism is a sight which seeks to understand how people interact with others (Ingoldsby, Smith Miller, 2004a). The theory claims that people interact with one another by interpreting undividedly others actions (Ingoldsby et al., 2004a). Their response is based on the meanings that they attach to such actions (Ingoldsby et al., 2004a). Thus, human interaction is largely mediated by the use of symbols (Karp Yoels, 1993). Authors Karp Yoels (1993) discuss notions of the generalized other and looking-glass self as examples of symbols with which we interact. In one instance, the self emerges from common expectations that others have about social norms at bottom a particular society (Kar p Yoels, 1993). But in another instance, people willing self-evaluate themselves against the sensed judgments of others and act accordingly (Karp Yoels, 1993). The emphasis on symbols brings attention to the roles people play. Role-playing is a learn mechanism that take into greenbacks people to see another persons post to understand what an action might mean (Ingoldsby et al., 2004a).In sum, no situation is static but rather contextual (Ingoldsby et al., 2004a). Individuals then through their deliver behavior and interaction with others, construct their psyche social realities (Karp Yoels, 1993 Ingoldsby et al., 2004a). Situating family violence within a framework of exemplary interactionism is important in that it provides a context within which people develop their personal interpretations of events. Therefore to understand family violence requires knowledge of the work ates through which such interpretations emerge. Rosen (1996) and Mullaney (2007) illustrate ways in which interpretations of the self atomic number 18 at the mall of domestic violence. Their findings argon essential for understanding how family violence continues over time. Findings also help to account for the formation and preservation of culture and social roles in society. In one respect, interpretations of the self be mediated through deuce primary orientations of dialogue processes of seduction and processes of entrapment (Rosen, 1996).This first is characterized by forces that tend to draw women into their births (romantic fantasies and romantic fusion) and the chip by forces that keep them there survival tactics, cognitive dissonance, roller coaster relationships, traumatic bonding, Romeo and Juliet effects, and peer-family collusion (Rosen, 1996). For example, within the framework of symbolic interactionism, processes of seduction can be broadly defined as a dependent emotional state (Rosen, 1996). Individuals then, connect with partners because they internalize similar understandings of weakness and dependency to communicate aspectings of love (Rosen, 1996). The interplay of such communication patterns facilitates an environment of spousal abuse that is likely to continue so long as interaction is repetitive (Rosen, 1996). Processes of entrapment on the other hand, can be argued to manifest the externalization of the communication patterns found in processes of seduction.Once meanings of dependency and weakness have been internalized as being both legitimate and appropriate within the context of ones relationship, these women rationalize such behavior as the norm and thus persevere. Survival tactics for example illustrate these efforts, by which women actively acquire towards relationship management of an inglorious relationship, otherwise internalized as an acceptable social norm. In contrast, Mullaney (2007) identifies low self-esteem as a correlate of mens red-faced behavior. Domestic violence then, is a reaction to the attacks or perceived attacks on mens self-concept (Mullaney, 2007). Mullaney (2007) argues that men will most often justify, even also minimize, excuse, or blame and offer no apology on account for their violence towards women.These categories serve as scripts through which perceptions of maleness are restored (Mullaney, 2007). If threatened, masculinity evolves accordingly as men interpret the actions of those around them. For example, womens irrational spending habits may undermine mens role as pecuniary provider (Mullaney, 2007). Men would argue that such habits do not align functionally with womens domestic and social roles (Mullaney, 2007). By doing so, mens responses are based on the meanings which they attach to such actions and devise cultural expectations of gender fight. This is problematic because it helps promote and develop stereotypically gendered selves (Mullaney, 2007). Symbolic interactionism then, establishs efficacious in demonstrating how dominant ideologies of gen der are enacted within the interactions of marital relationships, and lend to domestic violence in the process.THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVESFeminist surmiseThe root of feminist theory begins with the inclusion of gender and power. Feminists argue that the distinctions between males and females are not inherent or functional rather they are socially constructed to create and master(prenominal)tain male power in society and thus the family (Yllo, 1993). This sense of patriarchy reinforces traditional social roles and the relationship between the ingredient of power and gender. The feminist attitude suggests that men use violence to retain their dominance or sense of control within the institution of the family. Thus, the feminist paradigm believes that domestic violence is utilized as another doer of the social control of women, and takes roots at a personal, institutional, symbolic and material level. The application of a feminist lens to Rosens (1996) article allows for a very(pren ominal) different approach to the processes of abduction and entrapment. The feminist perspective would likely explain that the forces drawing women into abusive relationships were largely due to the social expectations of femininity and masculinity. The concept of romantic fantasies can be explored through gender identities.Here society portrays the male as being a strong, aggressive, independent individual and the female as a weak, patrician individual that is largely dependant on their partner. For instance, the fantasy of Cinderella eludes that a man can protect a muliebrity and save her from her problems. Feminists would suggest that women fall victim to these relationships due to the inequalities portrayed by traditional gender norms. Feminist theorists would likely explain the concept of romantic fusion as being due to the innately controlling nature of husbands within a patriarchal marriage. This type of relationship is defined as old Terrorism (Johnson, 1995). Here, the woman in the relationship would be forced to part with her individual characteristics and become completely devoted to her husband (Johnson, 1995). Furthermore, the husband may further restrict the identity of the woman by refusing to allow her to go to work or maintain friends outside of the actual relationship.The feminist lens would offer a slightly different interpretation of the processes that restrict women from escaping abusive relationships. Though women may still use coping mechanisms and adhere to other social forces, outlined by symbolic interactionaists, feminist theory suggests two main reasons why they stay in crazy relationships. The first reason women stay in abusive relationships is fro the sake of their children (Emery, 2009). In cases such as these women will stay with the intent of maintaining some stability for their kids by trying keeping the family in tact. The other reasons women may stay are due to the normalization of gender norms in society. Feminist theo ry sees the root causes of intimate partner violence as a causation of living in a society that excuses aggressive male behaviours (Yllo, 1993). In other words, because these behaviours are so normative, some women may excuse the behavior and treat it as the norm. What is perceived as the norm also varies crossways culture. Even today, many cultures adhere to traditional hegemonic norms and strongly believe women should be completely subservient to their husbands. In cases such as this, abuse may be next to impossible to escape.The application of the feminist perspective to Mullaneys (2007) article would allow for a similar analysis of the attitudes of men and their reasons for rationalizing their abusive behaviours. Mullaney (2007) suggests that men will often become red-faced due to low self-esteem and a perceived attack on their self-concept. The feminist lens would suggest that men become violent due to the inequalities in society that allow men an advantage position and with that gendered norms. Traditional hegemonic masculine norms suggest that men should be leaders that are strong, in control and tough. This is what the men in the study were trying to demonstrate. Whenever, they felt that their sense of masculinity was being challenged they would lash out in an start out to determine control. The Control Model of Domestic Violence further provides a precise framework in displaying the interconnection between violence and other forms of coercive control. precisely put, the feminist theory suggests that men use violence as a tactic of controlling their abused wives from participating in actions they have not sanctioned.Family Systems TheoryThe Family Systems theory provides a very unique, holistic perspective on the topic of violence in the family. This perspective describes the family as a unit of interacting personalities. Sociologist Ernest Burgess, best summarized this perspective when he stated that the family is more then just a definition it is a living, super personality that has its essence in the interaction of its members (Ingoldsby, Smith Miller, 2004b). separately member of the family plays a very important role in the overall functioning of the unit. When applied to the topic of violence in the institution of the family, this paradigm focuses on the family dynamics that contribute to domestic abuse. Subsequently little attention is focused on the individual perpetrating the violence and more attention is paid to the environment surround the violence and the role each character in the family plays. The Family Systems perspective offers a diverse interpretation of Rosens (1996) article on the processes of abduction and entrapment.Family Systems Theorists differ with respect to how they feel that women are drawn into abusive relationships. This perspective identifies the connection between family goals, rules and control, and how together one can fully understand the development and causation of domestic abuse (I ngoldsby et al., 2004b). For example in the article by Rosen (1996), it can be seen that by using family systems theory and studying familial interactions that certain females may be predisposed to the Cinderella and peach tree and the Beast paradigms. By looking at how their families function, one may be able to see the recycling effect due to unresolved or violent backgrounds these victimized individuals may come from. They may fall into a similar pattern from what they know at home, thereby examining the origins of this behavior and viewing the interconnectedness of how one internalizes family rules and ideas of control.Family Systems Theory offers a unique interpretation as to the role women play in becoming stuck in abusive relationships. In the stages preceding marriage, women will often date their partner, while simultaneously leading separate lives which consist of separate relations. As the commitment in a relationship increases, a partner off begins to modify their indi vidual social lives. In these types of situations, both men and women will often make more time for one another. This allows for the woman to feel appreciated and loved. As the relationship continues to progress, incidents of sexual jealously among men will often become a major source of conflict. This sense of possessiveness will ultimately cause the female to begin severing ties with male friends, and become increasingly committed to her future husband (Dobash Dobash, 1993). Once married, dramatic changes occur and the extreme constriction of the wives social biography takes place. With the founding of children, comes the solidification of traditional gendered norms. Wives become extremely restricted and are left responsible for domestic work, such as the operation of the home (Dobash Dobash, 1993).This may cause women to become increasingly dependant on their husbands. Subsequently, when sources of conflict occur, such as sexual jealousy, disputes over domestic duties or the expenditure of money, women may feel that they have no mobility and are stick in their current situation. Lastly, Family Systems Theory offers a holistic approach to the factors found in Mullaneys (2007) article that cause men abuse their partners. Like Feminists, Family Systems theorists also believe that a very important aspect of traditional hegemonic masculinity is the segment of control. However, unlike the feminist theory this approach attempts to understand what causes men to lose control.One explanation is that violent men often feel as if they may lose control, if they express their emotions, and thus hold it in. This in turn, causes violent men to generally be less emotionally reactive to stress on a day-to-day basis, then non-violent men (Umberson, Anderson, Williams, Chen, 2003). Though in the short term, repression may be a successful coping strategy for reducing stress and anxiety, it causes the individual increased predicaments in the long run. Repression turns a vi olent man into a ticking-time bomb, one that is ready to explode in a violent manner.As a result, unlike feminist theories or social interactionism, family systems theory attempts to understand violence in the family by examining every interdependent part of the family. This includes the part both the victims and the offenders play, as well as the role everyday stresses and ones immediate environment have in contributing to family violence.Social ConstructionismThe methodological approach of Social Constructionism somewhat contrasts the assumptions of other theoretical perspectives that explore the issue of family violence. This paradigm suggests that the emergence of social problems is heavily due to how society, or more specialally institutions within society such as the mainstream media, portrays the issue at hand. Furthermore, social constructionists are often referred to as claims-makers, in that they evince a claim that attempts to define the problem at hand. These claims ca n be heavily influenced by the agenda of the claims-maker, and will clearly identify the roles of the characters within the construct of the event. For instance, social constructionists will identify the perpetrator of the violence as the baddie and the abused partner as the victim. The analysis of Rosens article surrounding the processes involved with seduction and entrapment, using a constructionist lens, provides a different interpretation to the ways women become bound to abusive relations.This perspective focuses on the subjective definitions that cause social problems and look to frame the phenomena of family violence as a social problem (Loseke, 2005). For instance, symbolic interactionism maintains that some abused women are bound to relationships by the process of cognitive dissonance. In cases such as this, women create discrepancies between what they believe the violence in the relationship signifies and what is actually happening. Constructionists on the other hand will focus very little time into how women construct the violent situations. Instead this perspective theorizes that these women have fallen victims to the violent, controlling nature of their abusive, villainous male partners (Loseke, 2005). The media or other primary claims-makers would further emphasis on violent verbal claims, visual images and specific behaviours. The reason of this is to evoke the emotions of society in order to persuade society that a troubled condition exists.The application of a constructions lens to Mullaneys article on the reasons and types of rationalizations men provide for spousal abuse would allow theorists a better understanding of the ways victims and villains perceive family violence. The social constructionist lens suggests that men create their own social reality. This reality allows men to rationalize their behaviours. For example, in Mullaneys (2007) article men would often minimize, justify or even deny abusive behaviours. These men will often excu se their behaviours by blaming social or external factors, such as alcohol abuse and the structural problems associated with poverty. These claims are sometimes able to persuade audiences and have allowed for some villains to be rehabilitated through the medicalization of their deviance.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESSymbolic InteractionismSymbolic Interactionism is a key tool to examine domestic violence and its various intricacies. In essence, SI theory attempts to look at domestic violence from the viewpoint of individuals and their interactions with other people. This theory explains that individuals are engulfed in a symbolized environment, where the meanings for these symbols are altered within the course of interaction with other people (Karp Yoels, 1993). For example, in the article The ties that bind women to violent premarital relationships Processes of seduction and entrapment, SI is exemplified in the notion of cognitive dissonance. If a man were to slap his wife, while sh e may see this as an expression or symbol of love, many other people would see this as abuse. Therefore, the difference and meanings of symbols is very fluid, changing and subjective.Furthermore, SI theory is extremely effective in allowing researchers to understand and describe the individuals and their behaviors. It allows an understanding of how conflicts and complex behavioral patterns may arise in relationships, and how the interpretations of symbols may play a role in domestic disputes. This theory is quite effective in predicting future behavior (SI theory is advantageous to use as it grows and adapts to changes within society) and the roles they may play in the relationship either as a perpetrator or a victim, and the context in which these roles are played (Karp Yoels, 1993). Rosen (1996) explains and clumps together some(prenominal) types of entrapment processes, such as placation or isolation, which predicts why and how females are coerced to remain in that sort of rela tionship.In addition, this theory does neediness certain key elements in understanding domestic violence in its entirety. Due to the quite narrow scope of analysis, it is not very useful in understanding more macro levels of interactions such as groups or family systems. Another disadvantage is that it is quite difficult to apply the theory to other cultures, as its findings and hypotheses are based on a singular cultural atmosphere. Since monotony across cultures does not exist, a grand, overarching theory of domestic violence cannot be established, thereby make international or cross-cultural comparisons quite trying.FeminismDomestic violence as viewed through the feminist perspective focuses on the relationship between gender and the division of power in the familial framework (Yllo, 1993). This framework allows domestic abuse to be viewed in a way that is quite distinct from other theories. Feminist theory reveals that the social expectations regarding masculinity and femininit y give relationships their shape, which may result in violent and abusive familial relations (Yllo, 1993). Feminist theory allows for the recognition of the effects of patriarchy in an abusive relationship, which is normally neglected in other theories. For instance, the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) looks at the violence in families, however it neglects several other aspects that could contribute to violence. CTS assumes that males and females are both equally violent in domestic relationships however, feminists note that CTS fails to account for the social expectations (Yllo, 1993).The social expectations of the division of power between a male and female within a relationship can give rise to the abuse and therefore, it cannot be assumed that males and females are equally violent and there are statistical measures that portray a gendered view. For example in the reading, Patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence two forms of violence against women it can be seen that femini sm denotes a difference in the types of violence that occur in domestic partnerships and further differentiates between common couple violence and patriarchal terrorism. This article notes that while CTS looks only at a limited number of control tactics, feminism can shed light to several other controlling methods. While, one can see that feminist theory brings up key defining points that are commonly overlooked, it does remain flawed in many respects.Feminist theory is difficult to apply to forms of domestic violence except for spousal abuse specifically it only examines the abuse directed towards women. It automatically victimizes the female, and thereby situates the male in role of the villain. Another disadvantage of using solely feminist theory is that same-sex relationships are also not taken into account in their analyses, since it is assumed in feminist analysis that males are the perpetrators and use violence in the relationship to control women.For instance in the article , The ties that bind women to violent premarital relationships Processes of seduction and entrapment, the analyses are based on the observation of heterosexual relationships. It did not look at how and if these processes of entrapment are applicable to homosexual relationships, for instance, do the Cinderella or Beauty and the Beast paradigm still adequately explain why homosexuals remain in violent relationships. It can be seen that there is a victim/perpetrator structure of the violent relationship, however it cannot be concluded that the processes that entrap victims in violent relationship are similar for same-sex couples.Family Systems TheoryFamily systems theory is a more holistic approach to understanding abuse within the family and further looks into how everyone within this framework is interconnected. Therefore, it explains how the individual affects the family system and vice versa. Through this analysis, one key contribution of this theory is that it paves the way of ide ntifying the connection between family goals, rules and control, and how together one can fully understand the development and causation of domestic abuse (Ingoldsby et al., 2004b). For example in the article by Rosen (1996), it can be seen that by using family systems theory and studying familial interactions, certain females may be predisposed to the Cinderella and Beauty and the Beast paradigms. By looking at how their families function, one may be able to see the recycling effect due to unresolved or violent backgrounds these victimized individuals may come from.They may fall into a similar pattern from what they know at home, thereby examining the origins of this behavior and viewing the interconnectedness of how one internalizes family rules and ideas of control. In the article, Stay for the Children? Husband Violence, Marital Stability, and Childrens Behavior Problems it clearly articulates that the violent behavior is internalized or externalized by children by prolonged exp osure of violent behavior. The cyclical pattern of violence is foreseeable in these sorts of family arrangements, thereby being consistent with the idea that the system of family and the individuals within it are affected by each other on a constant basis. Family Systems theory also helps identify the different sorts of family structures in terms of their communicational boundaries and also allows the recognition of the various outcomes for a particular situation (Ingoldsby et al., 2004b).Understanding that there are multiple outcomes for a given situation sets a more encompassing investigation and limits the likelihood of loss something out or missing a key-contributing factor. It also allows a point of differentiation, and assumes that not all people react the same when the situation arises. This is important as it further provides the researcher with a defining and narrowing point as to which sort of family has a higher likelihood for domestic violence to occur and persist. Some of the downfalls of using family systems theory are that it is often criticized that it is too general and therefore, its application remains vague. The vagueness stretches from the assumption that systems theory is not a true theory rather it is a model that is more methodological than theoretical.Social ConstructionismSocial constructionist theory is a popular theory used to examine the roles played in an abusive relationship. An advantage of constructionist theory is that it clearly identifies the victim and the villain within the construct of the particular event (Loseke, 2005). Claims-makers are portrayed as practical actors constructing successful claims that reflect existing culture, and producing new culture of various social problems, specifically family violence. Social constructionism also allows domestic violence issues to be raised to the forefront and become more public, through the media. Through its application and explanations, this theory can be used to show how k nowledge is socially constructed and how that knowledge reflects power and politics in family violence situations. Furthermore, it can give shape to other forms of domestic violence through counter claims making, such as husband abuse. Unlike other theories, constructionism is quite useful in examining other types of abuse and not singularly looking at wife abuse like feminism (Loseke, 2005). Constructionism allows for the understanding of child or elderberry bush abuse in the household.This theory also helps understand how people construct realities that keep them in abusive relationships, and how the relationship may be viewed differently to other people. In the article by Mullaney (2007), the construction of the mens reality of the situation may differ from what abuse has occurred to the wife. The husband may reframe the abuse as non-violent or suggest that in that instance of abuse that it was not the real him that was carrying out the abuse. The disadvantages of using social c onstructionist theory are that due to the fact that individual events are a crucial component to the analysis, its subjectivity allows much room for debate. This makes it difficult to develop a theory that can encompass all the social realities and have it apply to all domestic violence cases cross-culturally.While looking at the article Creating clients Social problems work in a shelter for battered women, it can be seen that shelters create an ideal client that one must fit in order to be allowed to be in the shelter. Creating this sort of criteria leaves out many other people who typically do not fit the stereotype or do not meet the conditions set out by the providers even though they are in need of assistance. Using this theory, it seems as though society has constructed an ideal victim and those who do not appear to fit this idealistic view of a victim are often rejected despite their need for immediate attention.Social constructionism therefore does not grant that everyone e xperiencing violence will be offered assistance, as this is based on the shelters perception of what a victim should look like. Family violence is a very wicked social problem, and while social critics focus on how to achieve social change in this regard, social constructionists work to achieve new knowledge. Thus, social constructionism does not only pose a potentially dangerous approach to understanding and treatment of family violence, but it also does not examine objective conditions in their own right and seek to solve this social problem essentially there are no real truths due to the subjectivity of the theory.REFLECTIONAlthough much research and knowledge has been gathered in the field of family violence, there are ways in which this research must progress. Theoretically, family systems theory, symbolic interactionism, social constructionism, and feminist perspectives each have advantages in their application. As previously discussed, they each additionally have faults that hinder the study of family violence. We propose that a new theoretical framework be considered which essentially combines different aspects of each. For example, the notions of cause and effect associated with family systems, with an understanding of roles, salience and identity associated with symbolic interactionism. These theories can additionally be used to critically examine the core concepts of each. For example, how is the process of the looking-glass self influenced by the double-bind. Theoretical application in these ways may lead to new ways of perceiving family violence.The study of family violence also should attempt to increase its scope. Studies of family violence must adjust due to emerging and increasingly common alternative family forms same-sex parent families and polygamous relationships are such examples. Methodologically, the study of family violence should attempt to attain a more culturally diverse sample. Many of the readings focused on this semester relied on a predominantly Caucasian sample, and studies focusing on different ethnicities would be beneficial. If researchers are to examine alternative family forms they must also establish a methodology that is sensitive to the stigma surrounding different identities, for example the expurgation associated with husband abuse, or the intersection of a homosexual identity within a context of family violence. Researchers should also establish a methodology that accounts for those patterns of violence considered less severe than others such as verbal abuse, as studies pertaining solely to physical violence are not enough. Practically, we suggest that researchers focus on early intercession through education.Researchers should aim for the implementation of programs directed to informing children and teenagers about this social issue. With increased awareness may come increased action towards ending the problem. These programs may assist a young person who is dealing with family violence, gi ving them an opportunity to speak to someone about it. Making the issue visible, giving it a computer program to be discussed and early intervention is requisite to decreasing the frequency of family violence. The application of different aspects of the theories discussed this semester will be beneficial to the study of family violence as a whole. The fallacies of one theory may be redeemed through the usage of another. When evaluating such troubling social issues such as family violence, it is important to always pretend critically.In the cases of physical violence, we know that though symbolic interactionism, family members react to a situation based on their ability interpret the situation. So, it is important to understand the symbols the family uses to understand their interactions and behaviors. If a family is exposed to continuous physical abuse, in what ways do the family members interpret and internalize it? Why is it that many of the abused women came from families where no abuse was present and moreover continue the cycle of abuse? Where has the self worth gone or was it ever there in the first place? We now know some of the reasons why family violence is not reported and a lot of it has to do with the social stigma that is attributed both by those receiving the abuse and those who are the abusers. By building on rather than challenging the theories we can expand our knowledge and practically implement programs to assist those dealing with family violence.REFERENCESBarnett, O. W., Miller-Perrin, C. L., Perrin, R. D. (2005). Family violence across the lifespan An introduction (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks CA Sage Publications. Dobash, R. E. Dobash, R. (1993). Violence against wives. In B. Fox (Ed.), Familypatterns Gender relations (pp. 299-317). Toronto Oxford University Press. Emery, C. R. (2009). Stay for the children? Husband violence, marital stability, and childrens behavior problems. 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