Childrens Functional Health Patterns - 3048 Words

Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) | Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (About.com, 2013) | Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt (About.com, 2013) | School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority (About.com, 2013) | Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | Understand being sick means feeling bad Model parents behavior and routines such as brushing teeth at†¦show more content†¦List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | Begin to develop two to three word phrases that often times involve a noun (ie. â€Å"Me†) and a verb ( â€Å"up†) Begin to have object permanence and are not easily distracted by a toy or blanket as they were as infants (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010) | Child is egocentric, focusing on themselves and what they want above anything else Child may have and talk to one or more imaginary friends (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010) | The childs basic intelligence, heredity, and environment encourage or discourage learningThe child moves from egocentric interactions to more cooperative interactions and increasedShow MoreRelatedChildrens Functional Health Pattern Essay3603 Words   |  15 PagesChildren’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) | Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt ( Jarvis, 2012) | Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt ( Jarvis, 2012) | School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority. (Jarvis, 2012) | Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic forRead MoreChildrens Functional Health Pattern Assessment2087 Words   |  9 PagesChildren’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) | Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Toddlers acquire new abilities and a chance to shape self-confidence and independence. | Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt The longing to do what adults to creates awkward circumstances. | School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority Cultivate fresh abilitiesRead MoreChildrens functional health pattern assessment5442 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿ Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: 1-3 Years old Autonomy vs shame Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: 3-6 years old Initiative vs guilt School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: 6 years old-puberty Industry vs inferiority Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problemsRead MoreChildren’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Essay3555 Words   |  15 PagesChildren’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy versus shame and doubt Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative versus guilt School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry Versus inferiority Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. Read MoreChildren’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Essay2881 Words   |  12 PagesChildren’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment |Functional Health Pattern |Toddler |Preschool-Aged |School-Aged | |Assessment (FHP) |Erickson’s Developmental Stage: |Erickson’s Developmental Stage: |Erickson’s Developmental Stage: | |Pattern of Health Perception and|Toddlers rely on their parents for|Preschoolers now have anRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1252 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family health assessment is an important tool in formulating a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. A nurse has an important role in health promotion. To perform these tasks the author has chosen a nuclear family. By the use of family focused open ended questions, 11 functional health patterns were covered. This principle is known as the Gordon’s functional health patterns. ThisRead MoreEssay on Family Health Assessment1257 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family health assessment is an important tool in formulating a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. A nurse has an important role in health promotion. To perform these tasks the author has chosen a nuclear family. By the use of family focused open ended questions, 11 functional health patterns were covered. This principle is known as the Gordon’s functional health patterns. ThisRead MoreGordons 11 Functional Health Patterns1649 Words   |  7 PagesGordons 11 Functional Health Patterns Family Health Assessment Introduction This assessment used Gordons functional health patterns to assess Mayards family. This method was developed by Marjorie Gordon back in 1987. It acts as a guide for establishing comprehensive nursing data ADDIN EN.CITE Andrews1993318(Andrews Andrews, 1993)31831817Andrews, M.A., Andrews, J.R. . Family-centered techniques: Integrating enablement into the IFSP process. JCCD,Journal of Childhood Communication DisordersRead MoreEssay on Family Focused Health Assessment Questions - Lou Ann Lake1299 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Focused Health Assessment L. L. Grand Canyon University August 11, 2013 Family Focused Health Assessment As the society we live in continues to transform, nurses need a comprehensive tool to assess family’s health patterns. Family units are influenced by environment, biological, mental, social and spiritual factors. Assessing these areas for health promotion and disease prevention will take all of these influences into consideration (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010). A priority toRead MoreFamily Health Promotion1400 Words   |  6 Pagesbe successful in its role towards family health promotion, it is important to familiarize itself with the Gordon’s eleven functional health patterns. These patterns serve as basis for nursing diagnosis and health promotion. It focuses on how developmental tasks are completed by the family, it assist with learning about health perception and beliefs; it also assists the nurse to formulate health promotional goals and ways to improve family’s overall health practices (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010). This

An Evaluation of Hiv-Aids Care and Prevention Strategies...

I N T R O D U C T I O N An Overall View of HIV/AIDS Statistics in UK: According to the Bureau of Hygiene and Tropical Diseases, in the early 1980s, the number of people diagnosed with HIV was a increasing steadily. From 1987 to 1990 the cumulative number of HIV diagnoses reported was almost doubled (from 8,016 to 15,166) (1, 2). Between 1990 and 1997 there were between 2,000 and 2,700 HIV diagnoses reported annually.(3) From 1999 there was a huge rate of increase in the number of annual HIV Infected people, peak period was in 2005 standing at 7,982. During Past subsequent years, a slight decrease in the number of HIV diagnoses was found, but now a day’s number of new diagnoses is still higher compared with that of pre-2003 period. Fig:†¦show more content†¦Later, when the Epidemic gets a big run, then it started spreading through pregnancy (to new born ones) as well as breastfeeding. As none of the above mentioned reasons could be stopped normally, HIV/AIDS is spreading almost without any bound. * Is the communication Technique doing its job of spreading consciousness about HIV/AIDS prevention amp; care properly? * The widest contribution to the decreased rate of HIV/AIDS diagnoses and ignorance of the sufferer is of the effective communication technique. Since the statistics of aids affected people is generated amp; published, there has been a significant change in public mentality about using needles, having sex, during pregnancy amp; lactation. There has been a great change about the care of HIV/AIDS affected population after universal awareness programs are broadcasted and carried out. In this point of view, I must say, the communication technique has been doing its job since the initial stage suf ficiently. But we need to spread awareness more frequently so that, we can see a new generation cent percent aware of HIV/AIDS matters like spreading, prevention and having enough courage to care the aids affected population as well. Primary Research: * Objectives of study * Research Brief Discussion: Findings: Concluder Paragraph: Appendix: References Used to conduct this report: 1: Bureau of Hygiene and Tropical Diseases (1988, 15th April)Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Body1440 Words   |  6 Pagesto make for those suffering from HIV/AIDS, Alcohol can have negative effects on people living with HIV, both on their bodies and how they behave. On the body, alcohol can weaken the immune system and lower CD4 counts. The effects of alcohol on HIV infection depend on how much a person drinks. A number of studies have found that heavy drinkers and those with alcohol problems have lower CD4 counts than moderate drinkers and are likely to have more copies of the HIV in their body. Regardless of howRead MoreA Brief Note On Health And Social Care Essay3151 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Health and social care is one of the most basic right of the people of a country and it the duty of the government to make sure that this right is well served. For this reason the government of a country usually establish health care institution of its own effort in throughout nationally as well as for ensuring local health care, government usually establish local health promoter agencies. However in present world there are a lots of organization are there those are working for the improvementRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv, Tuberculosis ) And Health Behaviour2898 Words   |  12 PagesCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES ( HIV, TUBERCULOSIS) AND HEALTH BEHAVIOUR ; INTERVENTIONS AND POLICIES. MODULE: Advanced Communicable Diseases (HIV, HBV, HCV, TB), Substance Misuse and Health Behaviour: Interventions and Policies LEVEL: 7 MODULE CODE: MH70025W COURSE: COMMUNICABLE DISEASES : RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS FOR SUBSTANCE MISUSERS TUTOR: Dr Duncan Stewart Luisa Perrino STUDENT NUMBER : 21257385 WORD COUNT: 3,342 â€Æ' The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirusRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Infection ( Hiv ) Global Health Report6698 Words   |  27 PagesImmunodeficiency Infection (HIV) Global Health Report Part one: Overview: One of the most important serious global health infection nowadays is ?acquired immunodeficiency syndrome? which is caused by HIV virus infection. The disease was discovered long time back in 1981. HIV infection is considered to be one the most important public health challenge in all countries and require global efforts (Merson, 2006). Rationale: Almost 36.9 million people are currently living with HIV infection and almost 10Read MoreBackground Guide Of World Health Organization7133 Words   |  29 Pages Global Epidemic disease 1.Retrospect of the epidemic disease​​​​​​​ Case1 Aids​​​​​​​ 1.Aids 2.The cause of Aids and Aids’ human factor​ ​​ 3.The distributing of aids Suggestions for Further Research Relevant UN Action Case2Read More Sex and Relationship Education (SRE) Essay2622 Words   |  11 Pagesparticipant reduced the regularity of sex, including a return to abstinence, one of the reasons is becuase they can access to the appropriate information rather than learning it from peers or watching pornography (Kirby, 2007). Moreover, disease prevention methods were also taught to teenagers i.e. condoms, which can also protect them from infection of STDs and unwanted pregnancy. The third evidence shows that more than a half of the participants reduced frequency of having unprotected sex which provenRead MoreA Study On Saudi Arabia Essay2058 Words   |  9 Pagescountries (Coleman, Quaresma et al., 2008). The survival rate in Saudi Arabia is lower compared with the United States and the UK (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 2011). As what stands out in the table below in the UK 96% of wome n survive breast cancer for at least one year, and this is predicted to fall to 87% surviving for five years or more (Cancer Research UK, 2011b). 1-Year Survival (%) 5-Year Survival (%) 10-Year Survival (%) Women Net Survival 96.0 86.6 78.4 95% LCL 96.0 86Read MoreMergers Acquisitions in Pharma Industry21425 Words   |  86 PagesIndian Pharmaceutical Industry 2.2.1 Industry Scenario 2.2.2 Market Scenario ((Projected Pharmaceutical Market, 2004-2009)) 2.2.3 New Product Launches underlie market growth 2.2.5 Key Opportunities 2.2.6 FDI in Indian pharma 2.2.7 Strategy and Trends 2.2.8 Research and Development 2.2.9 SWOT Analysis 2.2.10 Mergers and Acquisitions in Pharma 2.2.11 Good Opportunities for ‘big pharma’ References Chapter Three-Merger between Glaxo Wellcome Smithkline Beecham 3Read Moreunit 12 public health p1 and p24606 Words   |  19 Pagesinformation will be held at your local G.P. or hospitals which will help to get a holistic view of health in the UK. When we are monitoring the health status of the community we are trying to improve whether we may need to put in more services and whether we need provide more information for the community to get hold of. The health needs of the community are monitored by a number of people in the UK such as doctors, nurses, district nurse, health visitors, epidemiologists and many more. Identifying theRead MorePsychoactive Drugs Can Be Defined As Any Chemical Substance3595 Words   |  15 Pagesconsist of substances such as coffee, tobacco, alcohol and over the counter (OTC) drugs, to a high extent these drugs are usually socially accepted and the effects are inconspicuous if used in moderation. Statistics of drug use amongst youth in the UK According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NHI) (2012a), deaths regarding drug use has doubled since the 1980’s, furthermore it is stated that there are more illnesses and disabilities from drug abuse than any other avoidable health condition

For Gay Marriage free essay sample

Basically, the bible has a verse meaning that marriage is to be within a man and woman committing to one another. People argue that no where does it say that it’s okay to marry the same gender, and god forbids it. I’m against all that, I believe in god, but I don’t believe in the fact that god discriminates towards gay couples. The bible always says sex is a sin, but you don’t see or hear people arguing about the teen pregnancy rates in Texas. Also people may bring up the whole Adam and Eve concept, on how god created them as a boy and a girl not the same gender. Adam and Eve were created to show the perfect partnership, as some may argue. Apparently the sexual intimacy between opposite genders is a better bonding method emotionally and physically. They also say this is the normal way offspring are created. We will write a custom essay sample on For Gay Marriage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I disagree fully, because in this generation they’re other ways to fulfill your sexual needs as being gay or bisexual. Now and days your able to adopt as well. In this world I believe there is no normal way, or perfect way of life, you were born in America with freedom and you should be free to love who you want. There were many laws passed time after time and year after year. As of today we are still fighting against giving the right to have a gay marriage legal in the U. S. In 2009, June 17, President Barack Obama signed a referendum allowing the same sex partners of federal employee’s benefits. They wouldn’t be allowed full health coverage though, but this was the first major move Obama made in his campaign to improve gay rights. On June 24, 2011, New York had passed a law allowing same sex marriages. Now, New York is the largest state that allows gay and lesbian couples to marry. Governor Andrew Cuomo is the one for making this happen in New York and was known as a true champion of gay rights. As you can see fighting for gay rights has been a topic for many years. Not only am I for gay marriage but so are other people across the world. I believe that everyone should see the real picture of gay couples not because they feel they’re a disgrace or what the bible says, but because they love each other. On February 13, 2012 Washington State had became the seventh state to legalize gay marriage, and following that month on March 1, 2012 Maryland passed legislation to legalize gay marriage, becoming the eighth state. Now entering 2013, we fight to keep our legal rights, because they want to overturn same sex marriage. They believe it should be a man and woman getting married. My opinion is to keep fighting, because same sex marriage should be legal. I will promote my belief anywhere I please, because I think that’s what’s right. Overall, fighting for gay rights is something I’m very prestigious about, because I feel like America isn’t giving everyone equal rights like we should be doing. Being gay or bisexual doesn’t make you any different from others, but that’s how some people make them feel.

Why do critics argue that the WTO is suffering from a crisis of legitimacy Do you agree

Introduction The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a well known body in the business world. It is an organization that is charged with the responsibility of supervising and liberalizing international trade. It has existed for a considerable period of time, having officially started in 1995. The WTO regulates trade operations among participating nations. This is made possible through the provision of a framework that governs the negotiation and formalization of trade agreements.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why do critics argue that the WTO is suffering from a crisis of legitimacy? Do you agree? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is also another critical aspect of the World Trade Organization; the provision of a dispute resolution process that is aimed at ensuring that all the participants holds fast to WTO agreements. The agreements are quite serious to a point that they are signed by the member government s’ representatives and approved by the government’s parliaments. Over that recent past, the World Trade Organization has suffered from a crisis of legitimacy. This has been attributed to many factors. It can particularly be seen in the trade negotiation by the name Doha Development Agenda or Doha Round. The negotiation has been faced with a lot of disagreements making its future to be full of uncertainties. There has been heated debate on the World Trade Organization legitimacy. The debate revolves upon questions that try to bring into light the function and purpose of WTO and more so, whether it meets a certain criteria or degree of legitimacy (Hoekman, Mattoo and English 24). This piece of work gives an in depth discussion of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the crisis of legitimacy. Much emphasis will be given to the factors that surround the legitimacy crisis for instance the reasons behind it, the current situation and the way forward or recommendations. Rea sons put forth for the legitimacy crisis at WTO There are a variety of reasons that have been identified to have been connected to the legitimacy crisis that is faced by the World Trade Organization. The major reason has however been termed as lack of political transparency and accountability. According to Keohane and Nye (280), effective politics and politicians are crucial in allowing for strong and desirable legitimacy. Politicians are needed who can link specific organizations and policies with a broader range of public issues through electoral accountability ‘ (Keohane and Nye 280). The authors assert that legitimacy is not a simple concept and thus it should not be taken just as an element of popular autonomy and decision making governed by majority vote. There is much to this. For instance, apart from legitimacy that is gained through democratic elections, institutions are deemed to obtain legitimacy and authority as a result of their capability to deliver desirable res ults as well as their general ties established with other institutions. This can be understood through checking on an organization’s checks and balances. This therefore translates that the World Trade Organization should consider all these areas in an effort to improve its situation and image among various parties (Lawrence et al 57).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another accusation of the World Trade Organization in regard to its legitimacy position is that it has been involved in the widening of the gap that prevails between the poor and the rich. This is despite the fact that it claims to be fixing the same. Legitimacy is an element that can also be seen with respect to decision making function. Most critics have seen the decision making system at WTO to be ineffective. To be specific, the system has been termed as too much simplified, non-inclusive as well a s unrepresentative. This has led to a breakdown in the process of consensus building since there have been many active participants involved in the operations of the organization, with each having varying interests and objectives. This has in a way complicated the overall decision making process of the World Trade Organization. This aspect is compared to the earlier regime, the GATT where the decision making was considered effective due to the fact that fewer countries were actively involved and that there were no strict rules advocating for adherence of all the nations to the results (Howse 107). To solve this problem, the decision making process should be restructured in a manner that is more accountable and transparent. WTO and Legitimacy crisis The World Trade organization has no been in crisis all through but rather it has been able to achieve much with respect to its main goal; ensuring that trade flows as efficiently, easily and in a predictable manner as possible at all time s. The World Trade Organization has been evolved with a variety of functions and operations that are meant to make its main goal come true or rather to fulfil its tasks and responsibilities. According to Shaffer and Melà ©ndez-Ortiz, the World Trade organization has been able to deliver considerable global economic benefits. This has been achieved through liberalization of world trade that has in one way or the other facilitated smooth running of operations among member countries. â€Å"As the key institution for global governance of international trade, the WTO has also stabilized the rules on trade and provided an effective dispute settlement mechanism to manage trade conflicts.† (Shaffer and Melà ©ndez-Ortiz 47). Just as any other life issue, the World Trade Organization has not had a smooth path all through but rather, it has been faced with a lot of challenges and crisis. This has come out through various ways, the main one being its inefficiency in solving the issues contained in the Doha Round. Other noteworthy challenges that have been identified in the course of running the World Trade Organization operations include the allegations of the rise of large developing nations for instance Brazil, China and India, the swift growth of bilateral free trade agreements as well as failure to resolve the Doha Development Agenda.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why do critics argue that the WTO is suffering from a crisis of legitimacy? Do you agree? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Doha Round is however the most contentious challenge. This is because despite the efforts being put forth, there has been little progress, if any. It has been a relatively lengthy affair, consuming a lot of time and resources but unfortunately, delivering frustrating results (Stoll and Schorkopf 12). Most of the challenges that are faced by the World Trade Organization are nonetheless associated with a changing economic environment that necessitates quick change of the organization’s operations, an aspect that is not easy since it requires critical decision making and planning as well as proper allocation of resources to the various trade operations. This is nonetheless not a justification of the World Trade Organization’s failure since a successful organization ought to have set up strategic measures that allow adoption of the appropriate actions where need be. The challenges have played a critical role in exposing the WTO inefficiencies and hence the emergence of a lot of criticism from various angles (Rodrik 342). The legitimacy crisis facing the world trade organization is a reality. It is a concept that has drawn a lot of attention and concern from different sources and parties. For this reason, there is a dire need for the World Trade Organization to take strategic measures aimed at improving the situation to allow for efficiency and also improve its image and regain legitimacy and public acceptance, an aspect that is incredibly essential in bringing it back to a position that is characterized by success and efficiency (Shaffer 106). The legitimacy crisis that is facing the World Trade Organization can be best understood by looking at the different aspects that surround the operations of the organizations and what has been put forth by various individuals and groups with respect to the legitimacy crisis. Esty (7) asserts that the World Trade Organization faces a legitimacy crisis despite the fact that there was a successful initiative of a new round of bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations that was held at Doha. â€Å"Protests continue to rock major international economic meetings and the WTO’s role in globalization is being questioned by many observers† Esty (7). This therefore shows that there is a need for WTO to re-establish its legitimacy especially in regard to free trade. The World Trade Organization should a lso enhance its reputation to achieve efficiency since in the modern world; there is more to success than just economic growth and development. A good way to achieve success and regain public acceptance and legitimacy is to serve the interests of the world community in an appropriate manner. This could only be achieved through practicing or pursuing the organization’s economic goals in a manner that do not seem to concentrate much on only the economic benefits to be achieved but also on other societal need and values. These include environmental protection and conservation, public health promotion as well as strategies for poverty alleviation among others.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another positive measure that could contribute to long term success in the Worlds Trade Organization’s processes and procedures is the establishment and implementation of an appropriate and comprehensive structure of global governance which will be capable of facilitating all the aspects that are related to trade for instance the provisions of checks and balances. This will allow for the identification of any fault and taking of appropriate measures to avoid major damages. An effective global governance structure will also play a critical role in the reinforcement of the legitimacy associated with the process of international trade policy making. This will help in the maintenance of the concepts of accountability and transparency which will in turn enhance the various trade processes and operations for achievement of overall success (Harms 180). Although the World Trade Organization has been continuously accused especially with regard to its legitimacy, it is deemed to be in the fore front of the economic integration process. However, the problem comes is because the organization tends to be involved with ineffective or dated actions particularly with respect to decision making. It is consequently clear that proper management of interdependence is an essential aspect that should be taken with a lot of seriousness if success is to be achieved. For this reason, there is an urgency to resolve the legitimate issues that surround the World Trade organization and its operations. Research indicates that much of the criticism that has been laid in regard to the WTO legitimacy is baseless. However, there exist facts that support the argument especially with respect to the current and future situation of the organization that is largely influenced by globalization. There are various legitimacy concerns. Economic integration and the process of globalization and its effects have to a large extent resulted in the legitimacy crisis faced by the World Trade Organizati on and other international trade related organizations. Public preference has also become an issue such that apart from concentrating on the core functions, an organization should also consider that factors that are of essence to the general public. This includes environmental protection and poverty eradication and human rights. Distributional issue is also of great concern. The benefits that are linked with economic integration and trade liberalization are in most cases not equally distributed and hence some regions and people are favoured than others (Reinecke 174). Irrespective of the nature of legitimacy concern raised, it is clear that there prevail a legitimacy crisis in the operations of the World Trade Organization. The legitimacy is questioned by a variety of parties each laying down its claims. For this reason, the situation of public acceptance of the authority and legitimacy as well as the decision making strategy in regard to the World Trade Organization should be taken seriously in all the countries that are involved. Legitimacy is considered to be a relatively sophisticated concept of governance. It could be gained through various means for instance through democratic election and a majority vote or through reason and usefulness of the results that are derived from an organization’s operations. With respect to trade relations, the decision making systems are of essence (Tully 118). As opposed to legitimacy that is derived from election of accountable officials, trade organizations mostly gain legitimacy through their activities and the value attached to them. This is a constituent of international economic management structure. The public perception in regard to trade and trade policy making policy have significantly changed. Trade has now been considered as a process that affects various individuals and it is no longer left in the hands of the technical experts. Public attention has become of great essence in all trade issues. This calls for significant change in the operations of trade organizations in order to maintain a high level of legitimacy (Joerges and Renaud 114). Conclusion and Recommendations From the discussion, it is evident that the World Trade Organization has suffered from a crisis of legitimacy. This can be seen in its efforts to perform its tasks and responsibilities where in most cases, it is faced with a lot of obstacles and ends up not achieving the desired results. Despite the legitimacy crisis, it is clear that all is not lost and there are steps that should be taken by World Trade Organization in an effort to improve its current situation and ensure that its future is brighter and desirable. All in all, WTO must be viewed as a critical element with respect to the emerging international governance system. The challenge of defining the major principles, rules and procedures that are needed for managing interdependence should be acknowledged and dealt with appropriately. However, despite the co ndition facing the World Trade Organization, there are still some hopes of improvement. The World Trade Organization is capable of recuperating a broad legitimacy and public acceptance. However this will necessitate taking some efforts for instance streamlining of the trade regime’s substantive rules and procedures for effective performance (Mearsheimer 27). The world’s complex interdependence is one major factor that has led to the legitimacy crisis that the World Trade Organization faces. For this reason, there is a need for adoption of effective decision making processes that are well understood and accepted. Another measure that could be taken by WTO in an effort to improve its situation is broadening of its base in global governance as well as establishing a system of check and balances that are responsible for spreading authority both horizontally and vertically. This entails spreading authority across international organizations as well as global and local scale s respectively (Nichols 858). The World Trade Organization should also strengthen its legitimacy through a commitment to more transparent procedures and provision of a forum that allows for a broader global-scale political dialogue. This will significantly help in rebuilding its reputation for efficiency and effectiveness. Good governance is of optimal essence. The WTO should also make a point of adopting rules and procedures that assist in balancing of the competing goals that are associated with aspects such as investment liberalization, trade, economic efficiency and economic integration on one side and human rights, environmental protection and equity among others on the other side. Works Cited Esty, Daniel. â€Å"The World Trade Organization’s Legitimacy Crisis.† Faculty Scholarship Series. 2002, Paper 433. 29 November 2011. https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/433/ Harms, Brian. â€Å"Holding Public Officials Accountable in the International Realm: A N ew Multi-Layered Strategy to Combat Corruption†, Cornell International Law Journal, 2000,.33: 159, 180-181. Hoekman, Bernard M, Mattoo, Aaditya, and English Philip. Development, Trade, and the WTO: a Handbook, Part 1. UK: World Bank Publications, 2002. Print Howse, Robert. â€Å"The House That Jackson Built: Restructuring the GATT System.† Michigan Law Review, 1999, 20: 107. Joerges, Christian, and Renaud Dehousse. â€Å"Good Governance in an Integrated Market.† The Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law, 2002, Vol. XI, Book 2. Keohane, Robert, and Nye Joseph Jr. The Club Model of Multilateral Cooperation and Problems of Democratic Legitimacy’, in Roger Porter et al. (eds.), Efficiency, Equity and Legitimacy: The Multilateral Trading System at the Millennium, Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2001. Print Lawrence, Robert et al. A Vision of the World Economy: Openness, Diversity, and Cohesion. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1996. Print Mearsheimer, John. The False Promise of International Institutions, International Security, 1995, 19 (Winter): 3. Nichols, Philip. â€Å"Realism, Liberalism, Values, and the World Trade Organization,† Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law, 1996, 17: 851, 856-860. Reinecke, Wolfgang. Global Public Policy. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1997. Print Rodrik, Dani. Has Globalization Gone Too Far? Washington DC: Institute for International Economics, 1997. Print Shaffer, Gregory. Defending Interests: Public-Private Partnerships in WTO Litigation. London: Brookings Institution Press, 2003. Print Shaffer, Gregory, and Melà ©ndez-Ortiz Ricardo. Dispute Settlement at the WTO: The Developing Country Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print Stoll, Peter-Tobias, and Schorkopf Frank. WTO: World Economic Order, World Trade Law. New York: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2006. Print Tully, Stephen. Corporations and International Lawmak ing. New York: BRILL, 2007. Print This essay on Why do critics argue that the WTO is suffering from a crisis of legitimacy? Do you agree? was written and submitted by user Paityn Cantu to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.