Building Performance Management through Employee Participation Essay

Building Performance circumspection through Employee Participation - Essay ExampleEmployee liaison is a significant component of motivating them which is a standardized necessary for both their growth and that of the organization. By virtue of their positions, employees have unique and relevant military operation knowledge that may not be obvious to those conducting the performance management carry out (Mayer & Gavin 44). As evidenced by the JMI case, most employees feel unsatisfied with feedback and goal setting performancees used by the management. They tend to view it like a procedure manufactured elsewhere and imposed on them. Contrarily, their active participation in the carry out provides them with a voice in the system, developing a sense of belonging and ownership everyplace the process (Mayer & Gavin 46). Greater employee participation will create an environment of employee support and cooperation. This will encourage developing of counselor-at-law and coaching rel ationships, reducing defensive tendencies and tension and making the results more acceptable to the employees (Mayer & Gavin 46). Employees provide input on the required standards on which their performance will be based (Cardy & Dobbins 12). It is, therefore, vital to formulate standards that evaluate substantive responsibilities and duties by balancing the process, individual and group participation and the outcome. Employees can have a say by contributing their suggestions on the types of rating systems that give an actual representation of their responsibilities and duties (Cardy & Dobbins 12). Studies have indicated that self military rating increases the participation of employees while enhancing overall satisfaction when used for the purposes of development (Cardy & Dobbins 19). Employees can carry out their own evaluation by completing their own performance evaluation forms prior to the official evaluation interview (Cardy & Dobbins 12). Although it is patent that manager ial and employee ratings may not always be in agreement, it is essential for both groups to remember that the process does not seek absolute agreement. Rather, it should be viewed as a process aimed at obtaining consensus from the two teams over time (Mayer & Gavin 54). As with the JMI case, the consultant interviewed the management and used the employee participation technique to solicit feedback from the organization. With this feedback, they were able to hear the problems the employees had with the performance manage system in use. They generated the employees support through their participation to formulate a sensitive and acceptable system. Basing on the JMI example, performance management systems can be improved by making them more sensitive to the employees issues. This can be achieved through increased privacy and confidentiality according employees the managements exclusive attention and setting time to discuss issues. Those charged with carrying out the process need to b e nimble prior to the exercise (Muchinsky 21). An emphasis is also placed on performance counseling. Team leaders atomic number 18 encouraged to give individual employees feedback in confidence on their job performance. This may give stand to various potential benefits such as motivating them to be more productive (Muchinsky 34). Those given performance evaluation results that may be below their expectations will also accept them since

Case study biomedical science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case study biomedical cognition - Essay ExampleHe was required to undergo splenectomy and surgical repair to the liver, lungs, and kidneys.A septic transgress is defined as a continuum response of human being to infection. It is predominantly caused by gram negative organisms. The most common source of gram negative infection is the genitourinary system, followed by the respiratory system, and lastly, by the biliary system (Schwatz 1994).Plasma sodium slow-wittedness is the primary measurement that is available readily to the clinician in evaluating the fluid status of a patient. Under many conditions, it is a reasonable indicator of germ plasm osmolarity. Although plasma osmolarity is not measured routinely due to sodium and its associated anions that is mainly chloride, it accounts for more than 90% of the solute of extracellular fluid. Hypernatremia is a condition when the plasma sodium concentration is above normal. On the other hand, hyponatremia occurs when the plasma sodi um concentration falls below normal level (Guyton and Hall 1996308). This patient has hyponatremia (plasma sodium concentration of 132mmol/L) that is caused primarily by trauma and volume depletion.In addition, the high amount of potassium in the blood of the patient (6.8mmol/L) is joined significantly with nephritic dysfunction and haemolytic anaemia. The renal dysfunction could be from severe dehydration and electrolyte dissymmetry secondary to septic shock.Blood urea is an indicator of renal function. Increased urea concentration exhibited by the patient (10mmol/L) is due to enhanced protein metabolism, a normal reaction of trauma injury, stress, haemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract, and sepsis (RNCeus 2006).Creatinine clearance is a test that gives an estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and is a good indicator of renal function. Increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels support the diagnosis of septic shock (Health Diseases 2008).Plasma bilirubin m easures

Qualitative methods produce useful but unreliable research. Discuss Essay

Qualitative methods produce mappingful but unreliable query. Discuss - Essay causey, the issues and subjects that may be influenced by the emotion and feelings of the masses argon generally more suitable for soft look into methodologies. It is therefore surprising that even though, both the types of researches have their own specific relevance, qualitative research methodology sometimes seems to become less reliable, oddly in terms of its validation by a small number of data as compared to the quantitative research which is backed by a immense number.Qualitative research is a very important tool for evaluating trends and behavioural pattern of the flock who are in a position to influence a set of defined parameters or wrong-doing versa. It is also a very means to analyse how the changes occur in our social lives and how and what the factors that affect our decisions are. It is especially true in the case of gauging trends in consumer behaviour or trying to evaluate public d ip to a political ideology or a burning political issue. It is the reason that social scientists use this methodology to go deeper into the emotional psyche of the publics moods and attitude and thus try to range the root cause for their current trends. Consequently, the numbers become irrelevant for the researchers and the emotions and feelings that dictate the attitudes and views of the public becomes primary criteria to the net selection of the research methodology. Hence main features and methodologies of the qualitative research would be discussed in detail so that we can come to some concrete decision regarding the usefulness and reliability of the qualitative methods.The qualitative research is based on grounded theory where the qualitative analysis of the data is used for generating theories that reflect the realities of aliveness. Social scientists are therefore more inclined to use this type of research so that social changes and real life situations could be predicted with relative accuracy at unpredictable and unexpected circumstances. The

Tax Treaty Comparison Between the United States and India Essay

Tax Treaty Comparison Between the United States and India - leaven ExampleDue to phenomenal harvest-tide in international growth in international traffic and commerce and increasing interactivity among the nations, residents of one country extend their sphere of business operations to other countries where income is earned. It is in the interest of all the countries to ensure that undue revenue burden is not cast on persons earning income by taxing them twice, once in the country of residence and again in the country where the income is earned. 2-baser tax can be defined as the levy of taxes on income / capital in the hands of the similar tax payer in more than one country in respect of the same income or capital for the same period. The problem gets complicated since tax revenue schemes of different countries contain divergent notions regarding definition of income as source. The position becomes anomalous in a situation where an assessee residing in one country earns income in another(prenominal) country, and the tax rates in both the countries are higher than 50%. If taxed at both places on the same income the assessee will be left with a negative income. This is bound to affect the economic growth.To nullify such a hardship to individuals and also with a view to seeing that national economic growth does not suffer, Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (D.T.A.A.) are entered into with other countries. Such tax treaties, therefore, serve the excogitation of providing full protection to tax payers against double taxation and thus prevent the discouragement which double taxation may provide in the free flow of international trade and international investment. Besides, such treaties brinyly contain provisions for mutual exchange of information and for reducing litigation.Coming to specific provisions contained in the Indian Income-tax Act, such tax treaties are made under the provisions contained in Section 90 of the Income-tax Act which enables the C entral Government to enter into treaties to avoid double taxation. Govt. of India has entered into DTA agreement with several countries, some of the main countries are Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, UAE, UAR, UK, USA, USSR etc.Government of United States of America and Government of Republic of India entered into an agreement on Double Tax Avoidance Agreement, which was signed in New Delhi on 12 September 1989. The Convention would be the first tax treaty between the United States and India. In general, it follows the pattern of the United States model tax convention but differs in a number of respects to reflect Indias status as a developing country.According to Article 1 of the Convention, it shall apply to persons who are residents of United States of America or India. except in Article 4 (Residence), it is clarified that the person is said to be the resident of the particular contracting State, if that pe rson in under law of that Contracting State and thereby liable to tax by reason of his domicile or similar other criteria, subject to certain limitations as described in Article 4. Under the Convention the income of the permanent establishment is taxable, and both the profit and loss of the other devil businesses are ignored. Under the Code, all three would be taxable. The loss would be offset against the profits of the two profitable ventures. The taxpayer may not invoke the

Week 1 discussion questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 1 preaching questions - Coursework ExampleBy counting the sum up of branches we can obtain all the possible outcomes of any event. It may be drawn horizontally or vertically.Mean is usually referred to as the average of a reckon of values. It is obtained by taking the sum of all the presumptuousness values and then dividing by the total number of entries. It is quite simple to find the mean of the values. However the students may face a problem if there is a zero in the given data adding a zero will not consider the value of sum but if zero is not counted as an entry huge errors may bone up in the mean value. The students may also experience difficulties in accepting the result of the mean of the given numbers because the mean that is obtained may sometimes be a number from the given data and sometimes may vary from the given values this variation can sometimes be large and sometimes be small. At this point the students face difficulty in accepting the answer. For

Karl Marx's Estranged Labor vs. Adam Smith's Division of Labor Research Paper

Karl Marxs Estranged lying-in vs. Adam Smiths Division of Labor - Research Paper ExampleWhile Marx sought to minimalize the effects of capitalism, Smith sought to emphasize the luster of the free market economy. Naturally, these two individuals ideologies clash, but there is value in both perspectives, as iodin shall soon see. Karl Marxs ideas about estranged grasp, Smiths ideas about the division of labor, and a semblance of the two ideologies will be herein attempted. II. Karl Marxs Estranged Labor Karl Marx identifies estranged labor as labor alien to homosexual. Marx explains the measure up of estranged labor as the termination of man participating in an alien to his nature. It my interpretation that man is alienated from his labor because he is non the reaper of what he sows. Because he is never the recipient of his efforts, the laborer lacks identity with what he creates. For Marx then labor is alien to the actor and does not belong to his essential being. Marx identif ies two explanations of why mans lack of identity with labor leads him to be estranged from labor. The explanation that the laborer does not develop freely his carnal and mental energy, but quite mortifies his mind, may extol the virtue of communism. In other words, labor fails to nurture mans physical and mental capacities, and instead, drains them. Because the worker is denied any nurturing in his work, no intimacy between the worker and his work develops. Although, its very hard to see how working in a sweat shop in communistic China, for example, is creating intimacy with ones work to the point that one is suitable to develop ones energy freely. Thus, this quote lack of an intimate relation with what he creates, man is summarily estranged from his labor. Further more(prenominal), labor estranges man from himself. Marx argues that the labor the worker produces does not belong to him, but to psyche else. Given this condition, the laborer belongs to someone else and is theref ore enslaved. As a result of being enslaved the worker is reduced to a subsisting animal, a condition alien to him. As an end result man is estranged from himself and is, in his words, mortified. Marx points to these situations as the reason man is essentially estranged from his labor. The incongruence between the world of things the worker creates and the world the worker lives in is the estrangement. As the worker gives up his or her contribution to the work, he or she begins to lose importance to the work and the work becomes more superior to the worker. As this happens, the sustainer of the company or organization accumulates more wealth and power and is able to overcome competition and have more power over the worker. ? I find this to be truthful based on my personal experience when I worked for a logistics company as a raptus lead. The harder I worked, the more powerful the department became, hence the more powerful the company becameand the less primary(prenominal) I beca me to the company and its superiors. The department improved a lot under my leadership whereby it generated more revenue. The result was that the company became more important than the personas stated by Marx in the above paragraphs. ? The worker becomes all the poorer the more wealth he produces, the more his production increases in power and range. The worker becomes an ever-cheaper trade good the more commodities he creates. According to Marx in Calhoun and Gerteis (2007), On the basis of political economy itself, in its own words, we have shown that the worker sinks to the level of a commodity and becomes indeed the most wretched of

Preventing a brave New World WK5 assignment Essay

Preventing a brave New World WK5 assignment - hear ExampleHe presss that whatever scientists call therapeutic cloning, is the use of embryos as a slip of tissues (Kass, 2001, p. 327). He also offers some reasons against cloning which covers both reproductive and therapeutic cloning. In his arguments against cloning, Kass advocates for ethical serve in biomedical projects. His views however, may face some challenges. In this essay, the discussion will cover Kass reasons for advocating for a ban on human cloning, and the strengths and weaknesses of his argument. Kass Reasons against Human Cloning Kass has four reasons against human cloning. That the put to work of cloning mankind is unethical, because the child to-be is used in an experiment that subjects him or her to risks of developmental and bodily abnormalities. That cloning threatens somebodyity and confuses identity. The clon is made from a genotype that has already lived. This denies the cloned individual his or her indi viduality. The process of cloning results in an individual that could be a twin to the person he/she should refer to as a mother or a father. It means the clones relation to the parent is confused. That cloning is a way of bout procreation into manufacture, and that it is a major form of child abuse and parental tyranny (Kass, 2001, p. 324-328). Strengths of the Argument distinguish shows that cloning is very risky and expensive. According to Sharma (2007), cloning is inefficient and 90% of attempts fail. Cloned animals move over been found to have high rate infection, carcinoma, low immunity levels and some disorders. Even Dolly sheep suffered some abnormalities when it was five years old (Gupta, 2004, p. 256). Evidence also shows that cloned animals genomes are compromised and some of them behave abnormally. They also suffer from congenital abnormalities collectible to programming errors. some(a) cloned animals die young (Sharma, 2007, p. 167). The concept of cloning supports the argument on identity and individuality. The process involves removal or deactivation of a nucleus from an unfertilized egg and introduction of a corporeal cell nucleus from a selected adult (Levine, 2009, p. 9). This means that the cloned individual will not have the graphic genetic distinctiveness and independence. Procreation has indeed been turned into a manufacturing process. Levine indicates that cloning technology already has commercial uses with many private companies and academic scientists owning different patents. These patents cover various elements of derivation of human embryonic floor cells, and nuclear transfer technique (Levine, 2009, p. 144). Weaknesses of the Argument Different people have different views on what is terms or right. Arguments against cloning, therefore, that procreation has been turned into a manufacturing process, that cloning leads to the production of abnormal babies, and that the cloned individual may overlook identity and individuali ty may all not be considered unethical by some people. Some may argue that malformed, unhealthy and abnormal children are born every year due to various factors. Some may argue that Kass arguments do not consider the goodness of well-being. Some may argue that considering the advantages of well-being over disadvantages could be more appropriate (The Presidents Council on Bioethics, 2002). Conclusion Cloning should be censor based on the reasons given by Kass. Apart from

In the news 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

In the news 1 - concession ExampleThings have taken a new twist when Eduardo Campos was killed when a plane he was in crashed and the former environment minister was confirmed as his successor. Analysis predicts that Marina Silva as well as Rousseff have the same number of votes in the initial round that may issue in a subsequent round of votes which may go in her favor. Miss Silva presents her candidature as a manner of fronting political renewal since she is neither a part of the Workers Party nor the PSDB which have been dominant in the politics of the country for the prevail twenty years.She has developed to be a viable alternative since she supports efforts towards veer from both sides in Brazil while sho march ong support for the business friendly policies making her win the sympathy of votes from the elite. It is ironic that her support amongst the middle class which has developed in the society in the last ten years is increasing among the Workers party administration. Th is may be happening as a result of people joining the formal job market and beginning to pay taxes which have changed their expectations.The Workers Party has raise many Brazilians out of poverty through increases in minimum wage and school programs that have increase attendance. On the other hand, support dwindled when costs of transport started rising and police violence escalated in affinity to the world cup. The approval ratings are rapidly decreasing but showed some improvement in July as a result of the World Cup running

Cell Phones and Driving Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cell Phones and capricious - Research Paper ExampleThe second performance direct comprises the skills required by a number one wood to move the car in the traffic. This direct of performance is known as the tactical behavior. Deficits included in this level show up in the form of driver getting too close to the some other vehicles on the road, or the drivers lack of approach to other vehicles as he/she turns left on an intersection. Impacts of a drivers conversation over a cubicle reverberate on the capricious show up as change in speed, change in acceleration, and reduction in the drivers tendency to quickly react to sudden changes in traffic. Strayer et al (2003) qualify the behavior of drivers influenced by consequences of using cell phone piece driving during the first and the second level of performance as sluggish. Performance of the driver changes so that he/she starts getting slower. The third level of performance includes goal-directed traits of driving which are more managerial and project the strategic performance of a driver. Problems encountered by the driver at the third level of performance include failing to execute the cookery and navigation tasks during driving. Presently, there is a lack of direct evidence which supports the observation of deficits on this level with the link of a driver in a conversation over a cell phone while driving. Ma and Kaber (2005) found that drivers using cell phone while driving vexd a goodly reduction in their awareness of the road situation. In addition to that, the perceived mental workload of much(prenominal) drivers relative to the adaptive cruise control conditions had increased a lot. Use of cell phones while driving decreases the tendency of a driver to appropriately react to the stimulated situations that call for an alteration in... This research account discusses the implications of workout of cell phones during driving for the society and discusses whether it is appropriate to ban the practice to make the driving experience safer. It is stated that there has been a tremendous increase over the years in the number of drivers who use cell phones while driving. This is a very risk of infectionous and unethical practice as it increases the chances of accidents on the road. Drivers baffling in this practice conventionally underestimate and overlook its negative implications and consider it too simple a matter to be taken seriously. A number of alternates to the use of hands to make or fall the call have been suggested including the use of hands free calling service. Nevertheless(prenominal), this does not make the practice less risky as the fundamental element that increases the chances of accidents is the diversion of the drivers attention, which is caused when a cell phone is used during driving irrespective of the use of hands. In order to drive safely, it is imperative that the driver is full attentive towards driving. There has been a lot of research to prove the negative effects of use of cell phones while driving. Some researchers have found the danger inherent in this practice comparable to the danger involved in the practice of drunk driving. In conclusion, the researcher recommends that considering the implications of this practice on the safety of drivers, it is wise for the government to ban the use of cell phones while driving.

Commercial Banks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Commercial Banks - Research Paper ExampleThe bank is regulated and authorized to run its trading operations by the Financial Services Authority. The employees adhere to rules and principles that are stipulated under the Banking Act. The bank is listed in the London, New York and capital of Japan Stock Exchanges .Its headquarters are based at One Churchlike place in the Canary moor in the Londons Docklands. It has several branches in Europe, America, Africa and Asia.The institution has been involved in corporate social responsibilities such as the campaign program known as the Prince Rainforest Project (PRP).The programs is aimed at creating awareness of guilds products to the community and the orderliness at large. The campaign involves building of the online community program to stop deforestation activities from taking place.It is a monetary institution that offers financial function to the customers in the merchandise. It is considered to be main market in United Kingdom. T he services that are offered by the bank include wealth management, retail banking, insurance, investment, wholesale and international banking services for its customers. It has a well established mesh in United Kingdom that helps in leveraging so as to be in a position to gain from more selling opportunities that are in the market (Lloyds TSB Group plc 2009).It consists of telephone services that are... It also has a very large cash machine network that aids it undertaking its tasks in the right way.The management of the company purchased several banks such as Governors put up Apartment of the park Lane properties. The park Lane Properties was co-owed by a Kuwait-based ADDEEM enthronement company and the Investment Bar. The reason for purchasing the property was to ease the process of accessing very vital information and to undertake psychoanalysis of the companys reports so as to be in a better position to understand the companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat s. It has an agricultural aim that helps its clients in offering personnal, local and support services that are aimed at meeting the needs of the customers in the right way. The account also assists the customers in enabling them to access electronic mail services as well as telephone services in an effective manner.Marketing partake in of Barclays PLCThe share prices of this company were actually had fallen by 40% as at 10th May 2009.This resulted from investors lack of reliance in the companys products ,therefore people purchased their products .Barclays bankShare prices200820072006Basic earnings per share 59.368.971.9Diluted earnings per share 57.566.769.8Marketing share of Lloyds TSBThe shares of this company were been bought and sold in the international markets and United Kingdom through use the online and phone forms of communications. The demand for shares also declined due to financial problems that were facing the country. The earnings of the company were to be distrib uted to the shareholders in form of dividend which

Women and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women and Leadership - Essay ExampleWomen were first hindered by rules that made them down the stairs the shadows for years. Women were blocked by laws passed by the government that is why they cannot move smoothly in the society oddly in the government posts (Eagly and Carli 3). However, this problem was given some actions through changing some laws only another(prenominal) problem evolved, the glass hood. This problem was long been a challenge to women in the workplace. Women were allowed to take posts however, they were not allowed to choose higher posts (4).However, as the society moves toward modernity, the barriers against women also moved forward that concrete wall and glass ceiling were no longer the main problems but only parts of the bigger picture. Women now face the alleged(prenominal) labyrinth wherein the barriers argon vague but there. These kinds of problems are collective and have higher effect on womens improvement because the problems have chain reaction (Eagl y and Carli 6). Women can now fulfil higher posts but the path to be taken is harder compared to men. Women are faced with more difficult standard than men because employers regard other factors compared to men who are applying for higher posts (8). These are the reasons why women take longer time to attain higher posts compared to men both in the workplace and in the government.The hindrances against women on acquiring leaderships still embody however, more research that disproves the high difference between men and women leadership characteristics are coming out. accord to Eagly and Carli (47), the differences that people claim about the differences between men and women are just a show for impeding women in attaining higher positions. Eagly and Carli believe that women and men have only slight leadership skill differences and women are much capable of handling heavy positions in the society.On the other hand, Wilson (n.p.) strongly believes that women lead differently compar ed to men. Wilsons book,

Individual Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Individual Case Study Analysis - Essay ExampleSuch problems arise mingled with foreign exchange workers and local supervisors and organizations, with psychological, and personal value implications. The Assistant Language instructors (ALTs) from the UK, US and Canada have sustain into conflict with a supervisor and alienation from the staff at the Soto Board of Education, in the course of their dish under the Japan Exchange and Teaching (JET) Program. There are a number of contributory causes on both sides, having to do with the expectations and perceptions of JET participants and those of the supervisor. A lack of understanding and appreciation of cross-cultural differences, failure of convention formation, and misconceptions in decision making processes, are sought to be remedied by supervisory support, program modifications, and miniature of expectations, intended to diminish the adverse effects of these circumstances. 2.0 Introduction The Case Situation Kelly, a Canadian, ha d been working for half a dozen months at the Soto Board of Education office in Japan as an Assistance Language Teacher (ALT). She is one of four ALTs, the other three being from the US, the UK, and another from Canada. The main complaint of the four was the bump of their work contracts when the reduction of their vacation leave credits for those days they were ill, which should have instead been properly deducted forth of their sick leaves. This event was only the most recent in a progression of other incidents, which in general involve the imposition by the groups supervisor, Mr. Higashi, of his unilateral decisions on the working conditions and assignments of the four ALTs. Mr. Higashis outranks were apparently inconsistent with the stipulations of the Contract of English Teaching Engagement under which the ALTs were employed, and were felt by them to be attempts to intimidate them into complying with the more onerous work ethic customary of the typical Japanese worker (Lew icki, et al., 2003). 3.0 pertinent decision and issues The relevant decision to be made is What steps should upper management take to quieten the periodic tensions between ALTs and their Japanese supervisor and create greater symbiosis between them, in order to achieve the goals of the JET? The relevant issues to be discussed are the following (1) Personal values and culture and (2) psychological science of the JET supervisor (the decision maker) 4.0 Analysis 4.1 Requisite to comply with the JET contract At the outset, it should be clarified that Mr. Higashi may not arbitrarily assign absences due to illnesses to vacation leave credits because (a) clause 12 Section 1 of the contract defines the sick leave as the holiday properly for the function of illness or injury and (b) vacation leave may only be granted upon the alternative of the JET participant (in this case, the ALTs) it should be applied for by the participant at least three days in advance, pursuant to Article 11 Sectio n 2. Nowhere in the contract does it state that a supervisor may unilaterally apply vacation leaves at his own discretion. The ALTs must therefore be

Key Concepts in Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Key Concepts in Health packaging - Essay exampleIt is thus imperative to promote wellness in the best way in order to pass over and prevent majority of these diseases and thus increase the life expectancy.The assignment will cover the concept of health promotion and its challenges. It will also cover the present situation of coronary heart disease in the United Kingdom and what the government and other partner agencies are doing to promote health among the population in the United Kingdom.Health promotion can be defined as the process of allowing the individuals to have match over the health determinants and thus improving their health. It is a set of practical strategies and a concept and it form to be an essential guide when addressing the main(prenominal) health challenges that are faced by both the create and the developing countries. It also includes the non-communicable and communicable diseases, and other issues that are related to the health and human development (Heal th Promotion Agency 2009, p1).The main aim of health promotion is to strengthen the capabilities and skills of the people to take action and the power of the communities and groups to act in a collective manner to exert control over the health determinants and enter upon a positive change (Health Promotion Agency 2009, p1). There are certain prerequisites that are postulate in the promotion of health and they include enough and well distributed economic resources, peace, clean water, shelter and food, sustainable resource use, access to the basic human rights, and clean water. The failure to meet all these challenges remains the main goal for all the activities that are directed towards social, health and economic development (Health Promotion Agency 2009, p1).coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading killer disease in the United Kingdom it is estimated that around 1 in 5 men and 1 in 7 women die from CHD. The disease is estimated to cause or so 94,000 deaths per annum in the United Kingdom (UK). In the UK, approximately 2.6

Feminist and Post-Colonal Theory on a literary text Essay

Feminist and Post-Colonal Theory on a literary text - act ExampleThis essay demonstrates that every finish had a way to resist the epic changes that were being compel by the British Govern workforcet. And in this story Good Advice is Rarer than Rubies (Rushdie). We see this resistance by the way the way men treat their women in Indian settings. Even though they are modernized they still behave their traditions the likes of arranged marriages and the women also wear the veils except our main character Rehana and some other a few(prenominal) women she points out.This essay demonstrates that every culture had a way to resist the epic changes that were being imposed by the British Government. And in this story Good Advice is Rarer than Rubies (Rushdie). We see this resistance by the way the way men treat their women in Indian settings. Even though they are modernized they still practice their traditions like arranged marriages and the women also wear the veils except our main chara cter Rehana and some other few women she points out. In the story along a line is described outside the British consulate, this is symbolic of Euro-centrism that those people commemorate that England is better to live in than India (Rushdie). Rehana surprises Muhammad Ali by turning down his offer of a free British visa. She also fails her exams on purpose, and when Ali asks her, she says, there are some boys who need me (Rushdie). Rehana symbolizes resistance to a new culture and thinking. This paper makes a conclusion that the way the women are interrogated in the British consul symbolizes neo-colonialism (Forster).

Is metaphor necessary in technical writing Essay

Is metaphor necessary in technical writing - assay ExampleThis is because humans are trying to do everything they potentiometer to control nature. Man cannot put up with indifferences that nature provide therefore he is trying to press nature through science to do according to his will. Science that is required to manipulate nature is too much high and requires a rush of resourcefulness. It is unfortunate that what deal think of science is not science plainly practical science multitude often confuse the thought of science and what science can do (Laibichler & Chew, 2003).The constituent part that can speed up this is by the build up of a huge and an incredible credible tool that can only be controlled and interpreted by the physicists alone. The major question is that whether people will be able and are willing to bear the cost of these machines and whether they are willing to leave nature on the hands of physicists. This is because physicists use mysterious and secretive l anguage that can only be interpreted by them and they are only going to be part of the complications of nature. People hope that physicist can come up with advanced and more simplified formulae that will be able to solve the worlds differences. It is at this point that people hope for a final formula that will explain the trends of nature thus make people understand God thinking (Baake, 2003).Suggestions and ideas of this kind from a prominent person are deemed as foolish and misleading. This is because they mislead people to think that the world has a meaning. Such characters mislead people by suggesting that the world has meaning because there is progress in our daily activities. Progress helps people to loll around closer to something and finally to uncover knowledge, just like the mathematical formulae tries to get close to infinity but it has never gotten there. The world has no meaning because somebody or something would have emerged and asked why there is something instead of nothing (Banville, 2011).Things and situations are perceived

Process Design Matrix Summary Essay Example for Free

Process jut Matrix Summary EssayThis summary entails common chord wait on forge approaches for a renovation providing boldness (Chaparral Suits Hotel Resort) and for a small manufacturing organization (Something sainted Bakery). Although process design varies for service and manufacturing organizations, process design is a critical function in any operation (Service versus Manufacturing Process goal Video). The three process design approaches that I pulled from the matrix are design focal point, scheduling, and property. I exit explain how the same three process design approaches apply to each of these organizations in diverse industries. Process Design Approaches in a Service OrganizationThis division of the summary will illustrate how the three selected process design approaches are implemented in a service providing organization like Chaparral Suits Hotel Resort.Design Focal fateThe first process design approach is the design focal point. With regards to Chapar ral Suits Hotel Resort the design focal point is devised to meet the clients needs. For example, about 60% of the Chaparrals customers are seeking relaxation. The other 40% are seeking a convenient place to conduct business. Chaparrals caters to some(prenominal) customer needs by choosing to have the hotel in a Resort location as well as near major freeways and large business organizations.SchedulingScheduling in a service providing exertion like Chaparral Suites Hotel Resort is essential for optimal performance. For example, during the off-season there is a higher rate of sluggish rooms creating a dilemma of having excess staff. To deal with this yearly occurrence management has scheduled more or less of the employees paid time off during the off-season. Also, Chaparral uses websites like Expedia and Travelocity to try to sell any rooms non spoken for during the offseason. Furthermore, cross training is provided so that employees and resources can be shifted to where the hi gher workload is.calibreIn a service providing industry quality is at the top of the list. If the company provides poor quality service they will loose their customer base to the competition. Chaparral Suits Hotel Resorts manager Tracy Milward states that they look for, people people when always they are trying to hire and train folks for this industry (Service versus Manufacturing Process Design Video). Also, staff is postulate comply with key performing indicators to track employees service quality primarily used for reception and customer service personnel.Process Design Approaches in a Manufacturing OrganizationThis portion of the summary will illustrate how the three selected process design approaches are implemented in a manufacturing organization like Something odorous Bakery.Design Focal PointThe first process design approach is the design focal point. With regards to Something Sweet Bakery the design focal point is devised to meet the end users needs. For example, employ ees at Something Sweet Bakery will only bake pastrys that are in learn at the moment. In essence, contrasting pastrys will be baked in different seasons. With regard to the locations design focal point Something Sweet Bakery chose to set up shop in an upscale shopping center in Scottsdale, Arizona because of the high volume pedestrian traffic. The bakery was designed so that when the customers enter the bakery the aroma of fresh, delicious pastrys overtakes them. This strategy will stimulate sales generating increased revenue.SchedulingThe scheduling process at Something Sweet Bakery is not that complicated creation that this is a small manufacturing company. Since 70% of their business is made to order there is a mandatory minimal number of staff members that need to be in the bakery. During holiday season there is a demand spike and product volume increases substantially. In order to effectively stay on pace with the exertion schedule a batch process is used to offset variati ons in demand (Service versus Manufacturing Process Design Video). For example, a big batch of cookie doe will be made and froze, except for the portion that will be used that day. Another way the bakery schedules to meet demand is providing employees with overtime.QualityQuality is important in any industry, especially in a bakery. If customers dont like the quality of your product they simply will go elsewhere. At Something Sweet Bakery quality is a more subjective process. Tina, the co-owner, and bakers personally taste everything before it is available to customers. This is how they check and maintain product quality.In Retrospect, although the deuce industries depicted in this summary perform two very different operations they are both striving to meet the same goals. In this case company size is not a portentous factor when it comes to the application of process design approaches. In order to achieve and maintain success in Chaparrals Suits Hotel Resort and Something Sweet B akery it is imperative that they make wise decisions with regards to the three process design approaches stated in this summary.ReferencesUniversity of Phoenix, Service versus Manufacturing Process Design Video

Nuclear Technology and Countries of the Persian Gulf Essay Example for Free

Nuclear Technology and Countries of the Iranian Gulf EssayNuclear ability has been utilise wide only for thirty years . In sixtieth it was an exotic fount of bureau, researched by scientists, and widely discussed in press. Nowadays, as Ilan Lipper Jon St atomic number 53 state in their article about thermo thermo atomic powers and society, it is the second largest energy fountain in the U. S. There be more than 110 nuclear plants throughout the U. S, and they produce more energy than hydropower, embrocate or gas, researchers write. For the U. S nuclear energy became a cheap and relatively safe inauguration of energy, and many countries decided to adopt Ameri whoremaster experience in this field. Today most European and Asiatic countries swallow nuclear plants that provide them with energy. Nevertheless(prenominal), a question emerges which is whether it is safe to grant accession to nuclear powers to countries of the Iranian Gulf, like Iran, who ar known for being aggressive and searching for the means to get weapons. Politicians and usual multitude exclusively over the world are discussing this question. Their briny fears are that nuclear power in legal injury hands may be transformed into weapon, and thus harm the ecology severely. Discussions take place all over the world about the influence of nuclear power plants on the ecology.Some say that they are non safe, even when nuclear powers are usanced only as a source of energy, and non as a weapon. The thing is that nuclear power plants use radioactive materials like uranium and atomic number 94 to produce energy, and there are toxic wastes left, the authors of encyclopedia entry on renewable energy source on NationMaster, a large statistical data source claim. They add that the results of one significant ray of light leakage accident on Yucca Mountain were disastrous so people should be really rattling careful when exploitation nuclear energy as the source of electricity.In the sa me time, Ilan Lipper Jon Stone launch that the dangers of using nuclear power are overestimated. They state that unlike the wastes that stupefy after burning of coal, which stay toxic forever, nuclear wastes toxicity reduces with separately passing day, as its elements are not stable. They prove that the centre of toxic wastes thrown into the air each year is less in the countries where nuclear plants are the main source of electricity, than in the countries where there are few or no nuclear plants.It is clearly seen that nuclear power is a genuinely effective source of energy, and the damage it does to ecology in normal conditions is less than that of burning coal, or other means of acquiring electricity. Nevertheless human factor should not be forgotten. One serious human mistake is enough to let the effective and relatively safe nuclear power lead to disastrous consequences. In case an uncontrollable grasp reaction emerges on the nuclear power plant, thousands of acres of lands and thousands of tons of water would be polluted, and the health of thousands of people would be damaged.The hassle with nuclear power is that it is alike muscular. When used correctly it can let governments save billions of dollars, as the energy produced by nuclear power plants is relatively cheap, and protect the environment from negative influence of toxic wastes other methods of getting electricity produce, but one mistake with nuclear power can lead to unpredictable and very serious consequences. Another serious problem with using nuclear power for producing energy is that the elements used for it can also be used for creating nuclear weapon.Human beings agree always been at war with each other, and since prehistoric times they have been inventing more and more accomplished methods of murdering each other. On the present endorsement nuclear weapon is one of the most effective ones, along with bacteriological weapon. Nuclear weapon was used only two times in history, on Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. It slaughtered all the dwellers of these cities, and polluted the discipline so that people could not live there.More than sixty years passed, and still no one lives in these places. The consequences of using nuclear weapon were so disastrous and cruel that humans finally still they had to stop. roughly countries signed various agreements stating that they would not use and produce nuclear weapons. Still many countries have nuclear powers, either officially on non-officially, but no one comes to the scratch to use them. Everyone understands that the source bomb dropped allow became the end of the world we all live in.Nuclear weapon is so powerful that dozen bombs dropped can slaughter several millions of people, depending on bombs sizes. The country which became the target of the nuclear attack will fight back with nuclear weapon murdering people and making land unfit to live on. That is why the issue of giving nuclear power to aggressive countries like those of the Persian Gulf is so debatable. The leaders of these countries state they need nuclear power in order to make the life of their people better, elevate their economy and protect ecology.For example, Iranian scientists prove that the oil and gas resources Iran has are not enough for straight the countries need of electricity, as the plants that recycle them to get electricity are out dated, with tons of equipment broken. The article create in Herald Tribune states that the demand on electricity is getting bigger with each passing year, and using non-renewable resources like oil for satisfying it is not rational, and, moreover, dangerous for the countrys ecology. They add that 57 of 60 oil fields need major repairs and modernization in order to produce enough oil to satisfy the demand in electricity.In general their viewpoint is easy to understand, as they want to use the cheap and relatively safe method of getting electricity most European and American countries use. In the same time Iranian aggressive politics towards other countries makes everyone suspect that they can use nuclear powers in purposes other than producing electricity. Giacomo Luciani, the Director of Gulf Research Center, states in his article The Gulf Countries and Nuclear elan vital that the resources of oil are scarce in Bahrain, Kuwait and Oman. He proves that soon there will not be enough of oil there to satisfy the existing demand in electricity.He adds that the restrictions ground forces and its allies impose on Persian Gulf countries in the issue of nuclear energy vomit their industries from adequate mystifyment. Luciani reminds that there are some industries within these countries, like aluminium smelting and water desalination that are of crucial importance to this region, and to other countries. His viewpoint is that given that Persian Gulf countries are gradually enough industrial ones it is not rational to deprive them of the means to ge t cheap electricity, which is essential for all industrial fields.The key to success is exactly in viewing nuclear technology as an economic, not a political or security choice. says Luciani. Nevertheless, given the political space in this region the question of granting access to nuclear power cannot be viewed as an economic issue only. Some of the leaders of these countries are too ambitious to be satisfied with current situation. Of course most people who vote for creating nuclear power plants in Iran, Dahrain and other countries of this region in fact want to provide electricity. Their goal is to help develop industry in this region, in order to provide well-being to its dwellers.Meanwhile one person in power who desires control would be enough to create nuclear power plants to security threat. There are no warranties that the leaders of these countries will not be able to access nuclear power plants, as their powers in their countries are almost unlimited. In addition, terro ristic groups functioning in Persian Gulf region should not be forgotten. Terrorists are people who are ready for anything to reach their goals murdering thousands of people is not an ethical problem for them again, there is no warranty they will not be able to access elements used for nuclear reactions on plants producing electricity.Nuclear energy is a relatively safe and cheap source of electricity nowadays. Most American and European countries use it. Some economists see nuclear plants as a universal event for satisfying the demand in electricity. Meanwhile there are aspects about nuclear energy that have to be considered when using it. Using nuclear power may be dangerous, as an uncontrollable chain reaction may occur, and lead to nuclear explosion. In the same time the danger exists that nuclear powers may be used to create nuclear weapons.This fear is one of the main obstacles for giving Iran and other countries of the Persian Gulf access to nuclear powers. Researchers prove it would be beneficial for their economy, but, given the current political situation in that region, the decision cannot be the purely economical one. At the moment giving nuclear powers to Persian Gulf countries is too dangerous for the well-being of all the people in the world. References 1. Lipper, I. , Stone, J. (1998). Nuclear qualification Society. existence and Society Interaction Project. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. umich. edu/gs265/society/nuclear. htm2. Luciani, G. (2007). The Gulf Countries and Nuclear Energy. Gulf Monitor, 6(20-23). Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. grc. ae/data/contents/uploads/Gulf_Monitor_no_6_3450. pdf 3. Renewable Energy Source. (2005). Nation Master Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. nationmaster. com/encyclopedia/Renewable-energy-sourceIs_nuclear_energy_renewable. 3F 4. Sahimi, M. , Mojtahed-Zadeh, P. , Afrasiabi, K. L. (2003, October 14). Energy Iran needs nuclear power. International Herald Tribune . Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. iht. com/articles/2003/10/14/edsahimi_ed3_. php

HR Management Essay Example for Free

HR Management EssayNegligent hiring is the potential liability of an employer for actions of an employee who was selected for employment with place adequately determining the persons qualifications for the job. Negligent retention on the other had refers to the prospective liability an employer faces by retaining employees who it knows (or should know) a re not qualified to perform their jobs tasks or get downstairs ones skin mental or sensible conditions or propensities that result in them being hazardous to themselves or others.DiscussionEmployers need to do middling investigations on the prospective employees work experience, background, character and qualifications to avoid negligent hiring. The doctrine of hiring and retention provides that an employer conduct a duty to exercise reasonable care in selection and retention of his employees. The employer should be aware of the employee problems that practice him or her unfit should avoid negligent retention. The employer should take further action such as investigating, exclude or reassignment.Employers want to be sure their employees are doing a steady-going job, but employees should not choose their every sneeze or trip to the water cooler logged. This is where workplace conflict comes to foreplay. Employees are the greatest assets of any company and an employer should put much care in protect their privacy. Employees should avoid providing all their education to their employers beca commit such information could be utilise for identity theft as salutary as carrying out criminal activities such as fraud cases leaving the employee in financial problems.Employers should also ban use of the new technology such as camera phones, digital cameras etc because offensive pictures of workers in private, embarrassing or intimate situations can be taken and sent to the net. Such technology can be used to conduct industrial espionage. In this cue therefore employers do are not obligated under any law to use devices that can intrude on the employees privacy. The employers under the contract terms stockpile the blame if the employee get accident or injured during the working term. Under the labor laws the safety of the employees lies on the employer if the employee gets the injury at the point of work.It is the mandate of the Contracting firm to provide safety and health measures at all costs to the working employees who forms the main component assets in the company. WS4DQ1-Merit have a bun in the oven Merit net income is pay compensation given to employee based on his/her productivity. Its based on the assessment of the employees productivity. Hoever merit pay is rarely used as most managers use it as a strategy to motivate those indiduals well known to him or her. Merit pay should be given based on competence in work. Hard working employees need to be rewarded this should base on achieved measurable targets, units.Merit pay should be included as part of organization package fo r various reasons. One is that merit pay enhances a vibrant competitive workforce and therefore eliminates laggardness in workplace. WS4DQ3-Kenneth Lay Lay was one of the Americas highest paid chief executive officer in America. He was Presidents Bush Treasury secretary . He dumped large amounts of his Enron stock and encouraging his employees to pervert more stock. As the highest paid CEO, lay never contributed much to the Organizations success rather he greatly contributed to its downfall.Thus, he was not entitled to the handsome package he was receiving, as he got filthily twisting in scandals that amounted billions of shillings leading to the collapse of Enron. WS5DQ1 Workplace violence can take a heavy ships bell on a business in terms of liability, lost revenue and employee productivity. Tangible costs-medical bills, Antony fees, lost wages, shelter cost, rehabilitation and property damage. Intangible costs include loss of staffs time, staff replacement, company liability , moral issues that coin productivity levels.Preventing work place violence therefore means the management of the human resource should tick off the safety of work place. Work place violence can be prevented by being everlastingly alert-no work place is safe, understanding what the problem is, developing a violence prevention plan and responding to hint incidents. Such policies as violence prevention plan should be put in place, the management should be at fore in been alert on any violence incident, developing a good working environment and cultivating on maintaining good teamwork relations.This is because when there is good relation among the workers, there is low fortuity of violence. WS5DQ2 Federal Osha does not have jurisdiction over those diligent by tell apart, county, city or municipal governments. However, several state plans do cover such open sector employment. State with approved state plans and in accordance with section 27-a of the PESH act, New York adopts and enforce occupational safety and health standards in the public sector which are identical to OSHAs.For instance public schools must comply with same fire protecting standard as private schools, but the standards are promulgated and enforced by the state. The atomic number 20 discussion section of occupational safety and health differs with the federal OSHA agencies in the sense that, states have option to establish regulations for hazards not covered by federal standards or more stringent standards than those promulgated by OSHA, which California does. California state agencies standards cover more ground and stringent than federal OSHAs.Mainly, California OSHA agencies differ from federal agencies in such areas as requirement for injury and illness prevention program (IIPP), hazcom standards, permissible exposure limits (PELs) and Ergonomics. OSHAs has continuously been involved in voluntary breastplate programs, which has indicated effective management of safety and health pro tection improvement in employees moral and productivity. WS6DQ3 The involvement of unions in social policy areas and participation in independent bodies of national social insurance scheme has been the map of unions in Germany.With the increased importance of private pensions, consider unions have enhanced their collective bargaining role in this area. Besides unions have seized opportunities to enhance their role in collective regulation of state imposed privatization. Trade unions over the recent years have had their membership dwindling ageing of membership and lacking support among young employees. This is because the top management or leaders in the unions have taken it as their platform to pursue their welfare as unconnected to the welfare of the members in the collective bargaining.WSDQ3 The NLRB does not include coverage for all workers. These include individuals who are employed as agricultural laborers, domestic servants, parents or spouse, independent contractor, empl oyed as supervisor, employed by an employer field of study to railway labor act, employees by federal state or local government and those employed by any other person who is not an employer as defined by NLRB. These employees do not have right to form unions as other workers since they are not within the NLRB jurisdiction.In one case, NLRAB was unsealed how to define supervisor. Individuals who are supervisors would not be included in the bargaining unit potentially represented by unions or allowed to vote in the elections. The court ruled that this NLRB judgment is unfair. The court tell there were no statutory origination for excluding professional or technical judgment from joining unions. The basis of the argument therefore is that each party in work environment has a stake in forming a labor union.

Human Resources Management Essay Example for Free

sympatheticity elections emphasissing EssayProper trouble of human resources is racy to being a successful business. military man resources ar one of the critical departments inwardly any organization. The purpose of this essay is to emphasize the basic principles of military personnel imagings Management. EEO and Affirmative Action, kind-hearted imaginations Planning, Recruitment, and Selection, HRD, Compensation and Benefits, Safety and Health, and Employee and Labor Relations are the six areas of sympathetic Resources Management that testament be the focus. All of these Human Resources Management areas should be working together and should correspond with the general business strategy. According to our text, Human Resource Management is specifically charged with programs concerned with people the employees (Ivancevich, 2007). It was sight by Edward L. Gubman, in the Journal of Business Strategy, that the basic mission of human resources will always be to acqu ire, develop, and retain talent align the workforce with the business and be an excellent contributor to the business.Those three challenges will never change (Gubman, 2006). In todays world the terms human resource management and human resources is called personnel management or a personnel manager. In simple words HRM meat employing people, developing their capacities, utilizing, maintaining and compensating their services in tune with the job and organizational requirement (Storey, 2007).The recognition of the importance of Human Resource Management extends to small businesses also. There for some time they did not generally have the identical volume of human resources requirements as the larger organizations, but they too face personnel management issues that raft have a decisive impact on the business health. In The Small Business enchiridion Irving Burstiner stated hiring the right people and training them well can often mean the difference betwixt scratching out the bare st of livelihoods and steady business growth personnel problems do not discriminate amidst small and big business, you will find them in all businesses, regardless of size (Burstiner, 2008). The proper management of a lodges human resources is vital to the success of that company.People inwardly an organization are the most precious and vital resource. They should be treated as such(prenominal). It is important that the managing of human resources should be do correctly as it affects the overall business plan of any organization. As a person that plans to declare an accounting business, this course has made realize that human resources are a very important and vital part of a company. This course has given me the tools to ensure that I have proper Human Resource Management and my employees are taken care of.There are many employers that consider themselves to be retrace employment opportunity (EEO) employers. There may even be an employee within the organization that is an EE O officer or they could simply make sure they have a personnel manager, and/or some other managers who understand and follow EEO. Our text stated the human resource manager plays an important role in showing by example that each employee is important and will be treated ethically and peerly (Ivancevich, 2007). This ordinarily heart That the employer is following the anti-discrimination laws and is ensuring that everyone within the organization understands these laws and abides by them. That the employer is preparing and implementing equal employment opportunity management plans or programs intentional to ensure that everyone really does get equal opportunity within the organization.Most people know optimistic action as having to do with the ripening of equal opportunity plans and providing special help for minority groups with a disadvantaged past. Affirmative action programs also help give previously disadvantaged groups the skills they need to contend on equal terms with a ll other employees. This is a way of ensuring that there is truly equal opportunity between all potential and existing employees. There is a full-time EEO officer within my organization. It is my understanding that our EEO officer has never had anyone come to her about any discrimination that has taken place within the organization.An analysis of the job to be through with(p), written into a job description should be written so that selectors know what physical and mental characteristics applicants must possess, what qualities and attitudes are desirable and what characteristics would be a decided disadvantage.Human resources planning usually refer to classic human resource administrative functions. The evaluation and identification of human resource requirements should meet organizational goals. Effectively, selection is essentially buying and employee, the wage or salary calculate by probable years of service being the price. Bad employee buys can become very big-ticket(prenomi nal) for any organization. For this reason, for particular jobs, some organizations may use external expert consultants for recruitment and selection.The cost of a poor selection is a reason why those who recruit and employ should be well educate to judge the suitability of all potential applicants.The main sources of recruitment are as follows Internal company promotions Appointment boards Agencies for the unemployed Advertising or the use of other local media.The businesses vacancy numbers should coiffe what line of recruitment should take place. It is important that an organization have a background check done to verify experience and statements about qualifications thoroughly before hiring a potential employee.To ensure a skillful recruitment process it is important to have training in interviewing and appraising candidates. This type of training usually teaches interviewers how to draw out the interviewee and how to rate the candidates. This is probably one of the most impor tant parts of human resource management.Human Resource Development (HRD) helps employees develop their personal and organizational abilities. Opportunities for employee training, employee career development, performance management, mentoring and organizational development are included in Human Resource Development.Human Resource Development mainly focus is the development of the best employees possible. The reason for this is so that the organization and its employees can accomplish the organizational goals.Human Resource Development can be formal, such as a classroom setting or informal, such as an employee mentoring session by a manager. Organizations that are healthy believe in Human Resource Development. They also believe that the development of their employees is what makes the organization prosper. Unfortunately this is not something that takes place within my organization. It would be strait-laced to be able to receive training that would improve my knowledge and skills and allow me to help in other areas of the organization if possible.

Ethics in the journalism Essay Example for Free

Ethics in the journalism EssayEthics in the journalism sector is not a new curve of debate. Journalism ethics has been described as a dysfunctional ethical discourse by Iggers (as cited by Mccabe, 1999). The role of media is always very important in manufacturing the consent of people and develops a view regarding whatsoever particular issue. However the way news is collected, compiled and presented is always a question of debate. Citizens get the information regarding the genial problems. The media has the capacity to bring the change. The traditional media is based on the maturity of the information, published news and different some other subjects. Media has moved from its traditional role of observer to the change agent within the society (Mccabe, 1999, p. 199). The role of engineering in media presentation has been very crucial in the recent past. The information is available easily on the website. The Internet blurs traditional categories like professional versus amate ur, published versus unpublished, and public versus private. Existing rules for the ethical conduct of compassionate subjects research that rely on these categories are thus difficult to extend to this new medium. (Bruckman, n. d. )Information available on the various websites makes it convenient and handy. However, the reliability of information available at this source is questionable. The referencing of the sources from which information has been obtained and how the creed has been given is always important in order to maintain the ethical standards of the journalism in this net income age.

Employment Law HRM Strategy Essay Example for Free

consumption Law HRM Strategy EssayEmployment law is critical to an organization allowing it to fulfill needs and business ventures applic suitable to enounce and federal laws. In this paper we provide be discussing the laws that allow and disallow seasonal worker employees from another country to be able to work in the show of Georgia. In the paragraphs below I will explain to you the reader the scenario listed above, I will set a plan in accordance to the HRM function, justify my approach to HR management, state the competitive advantage, and describe the situation that may occur from not comme il fautly following the appropriate laws. Every adept has the right-hand(a) to work, and there are many opportunities in this country. In sound out to enjoy these liberties role players need to be documented in order to be legally able to work without consequence to them, and the company that they are occupying a position. Employment law consists in the body of laws and rules r egulating civil rights and non-union associate conduct in the piece of work (Stewart, 2012). Civil rights include a workplace free from discrimination and harassment for people who fit into one of the legally protected class (Stewart, 2012).Conduct law refers to equal and fair pay im migratory and employment at will laws (Stewart, 2012). These laws are the laws that are pertaining to the laws that are corresponding with the situation of seasonal employees from another country. The Migrant and seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act (MSPA) allows employment-related protections to migratory and seasonal unpolished workers and is administered and enforced by the wage and Hour Division of the U. S.Department of exertion (DOL,2012). Within the confines of the law I came up with a plan for seasonal workers, first these are the parameters that we must follow. Every non-exempt farm labor contractor, untaught employer, and agricultural association must* Disclose the terms and con ditions of employment to each migrant worker in compose at the time of recruitment and to each seasonal worker when employment is offered, in writing if pass on * Post information about orker protections at the worksite * Pay each worker the wages owed when due and provide each with an itemized statement of earnings and deductions * batten down that housing, if provided, complies with substantive federal and state safety and health standards * Ensure that each vehicle, if transportation is provided, meets applicable federal and state safety standards and insurance requirements and that each driver be properly licensed * Comply with the terms of any working arrangement made with the workers and * Make and economize payroll records for each employee for three years (DOL. 012) The plan that we will use to manage the situation will be by appointing two or three HR sea captains, and a project manager to administrate the project.They will coordinate events as per the MSPA which regu lates the seasonal workers. The MSPA requires farm labor contractors, agricultural employers, and agricultural associations, who recruit, solicit, hire, employ, furnish, transport, or signal agricultural workers, as well as providers of migrant housing, to meet certain minimum requirements in their transaction with migrant and seasonal agricultural workers (DOL, 2012).Our plan resembles closely to what is already in state as per state, federal and local legislations. Human resource is the greatest asset that any organization possesses and it must ensure that this latent is harnessed to the maximum to contribute positively towards the growth of the organization (Amillionlives, 2010).Every non-exempt farm labor contractor, agricultural and seasonal agricultural association must disclose the terms and conditions of employment to each migrant worker in writing at the time of recruitment and to each seasonal worker when employment is offered in writing (DOL, 2012). HR management would use this information to aide in writing the offers of employment for the migrant and farm workers. There are many competitive advantages of HRM practices meets the employment laws, typically business are more(prenominal) competitive with a structured HRM practice in place.Having an HRM in place makes it easier to organize employment accord to the laws. An effective HRM in a competitive advantage will use information provided from the Department of Labor (DOL), one instance that would be useful in this situation is Employers must provide each migrant and seasonal day-haul worker with a create verbally disclosure at the time of recruitment that describes the terms and conditions of his or her employment. When offering employment, the employer must provide such isclosure to all seasonal workers upon request. The disclosure must be written in the workers language. If the HRM is effective they will be able to utilize different commodities of the job in order to provide the service as per employment laws and contract obligations. If the situation of the need for seasonal employees who may be from another country were not to follow proper laws could result in major fines and penalties to the company.Ethics related problems are faced by the organizations whenever there is a practice of using favoritism rather than talent or job performance for managerial decisions regarding employment, promotion, pay and discipline. These problems can be reduced and eliminated by maintaining the highest standards of professional and personal conduct, encouraging employers to make fair and equitable treatment of all.Severe penalties may arise from the state and federal departments for not following proper protocol. Immigration may also be informed of the situation due to the fact that they are dealing with non-citizen workers. In the paragraphs above I have explained to you the reader the scenario of the seasonal workers, provided a plan, justified the approach of HR management, c ompetitive advantage, and provided the consequences that may arise from not following proper laws and protocol.

Aging and the Elderly Essay Example for Free

maturate and the Elderly EssayAging is the duration of time during which a being or thing has existed length of life (Webster dictionary). Growing old and becoming an antiquated person can be gainsay provided, nonetheless it can be precise rewarding, it can bring a lot of good and bad. Aging has its rewards, but it presents the challenges of all st ripens of life. Growing old consist of gradual, on loss changes in the body, changes much(prenominal) as shrinking in height in which the old tends to get shorter as he or she fester. Elderly community tends to deplete less appetite which causes them to lose weight, and a decline in strength and vitality, which can sometimes be them feels very run-down at times and needs either a cane or a walker or even someone to help assist them in walking.The life expectancy in the United States is going up which means people be living longer than before collect to break out medications that atomic number 18 out there which squ ander raised the living standards. The life expectancy in the United States in the 1900s for women would be to live only forty eight geezerhood, and for a staminate the life expectancy in the United States would be to live only forty- six years, as count shows that women in the U.S lives longer than men. Now females can be expected to live eighty years incontrovertible and men can be expected to live to be seventy-five years old. Greater material wealth and advances in medicine have raised living standards so that people benefit from better housing and nutrition. Medical advances have almost eliminated infectious diseases such(prenominal) as smallpox, measles, and diphtheria which had killed many infants and children many years ago. (John Macionis, 2009).As life becomes longer, the oldest segment of the United States population, people over the climb on of eighty-five years of age is increasing rapidly and is forty times greater than in nineteen hundreds. As the average age o f the population rises and the sh atomic number 18 over age sixty-five climbs ever higher, culture patterns are more(prenominal) plausibly to change, age segregation will decline as the elderly population increases, the younger population, will recover more of the older population where the younger population usually are, such as malls, sporting events, and etceteraElders in the United States are men and women of all races, classes, and ethnic backgrounds. There are two types of elderly, the younger elderly, which are between the ages of sixty-five and seventy-five and lives independently with good health and financial security whom are likely to live in a house with each other as couples, then, there are the older elderly whom are past the age of seventy-five, most likely to live with a family constituent (usually a daughter), have health problems and financial insecurity being divorce or a widow.As someone ages there are a lot of biological and psychological changes that ha ppens in their life, such things as Gray hair, wrinkles, and etc. The efficiency to learn new materials and guess quickly declines. Although, aging is more perceptible internal, there are a lot more of internal effects of aging as well, which are more critical. As we all age, it is important for us to know the normal course of aging. What happens to us as we age? As we age, health problems start to rise at most or over the age of seventy-five, women typically lives longer than men, they tend to suffer more from chronic disabilities like arthritis.The pointAs a person age and becomes an elderly, their brain undergoes incompatible structural changes, the brain parts shrinks and becomes filled with fluid, aging impairs the ability of the brain to encode new memories and facts, while processing speed and reflexes decline. The aging of the brain can cause neurological diseases like Parkinson, Lou Gehrigs disease and Alzheimer. Age-related changes occur in two regions of the brain. The first region is the frontal lobe, which is the theatre of operations of the brain behind the forehead and the eyes. It is felt that certain memory process supported by this region degenerate with age. The other region affected by age is a C-shaped area deep within the brain, which is known as the hippocampus, there is where there, is a dramatic deterioration of explicit memory capacities supported by this region as we get older.Intergumentary dodgingThe skin develops wrinkles and dark spots, skin becomes very easy to tear, and saggy because of the ability of the skin to produce oil, the skin becomes very dry and lusterless. The aging process affects groups of cells within hair follicle. pig becomes thinner, hair color changes from its normal color to gray then eventually to white as cells bar functioning.Aging affects the bone strength to decline, friction between joints increases which causes pain while they move. There becomes a passing play of density and strength due to porous. There is a depletion of minerals like calcium and phosphorus which makes the bones weak and fragile easily to have bone fracture which can cause an elderly person to be wheelchair or bedbound for life.Eyes, Ears ( sense impressions)Our vision changes as we age, objects appear blurred or otiose to be seen. The combined alterations of the cornea, iris, electron lense and ciliary bodies can account for most of the age-related changes in our visual perception. The pupils become less responsive and more sensitive to glare. The iris gets stiffened, cataracts and glaucoma becomes common, we dont see as well as we use to. The lens thickens and takes o a yellowish hue, which reduces the ability to discriminate colors in the green-blue-violet range. Most elderly people then need glasses or even a magnifying glass in tack together to be able to see, curiously when reading. Hearing is loss because the eardrum thickens, ear cells can be damage, and in that chemise a hearing aid is needed in order for the elderly person to hear.Cardiovascular carcassWhat happens to the heart as we age? There is a decline in the cardiac capacity. The cardiac slice volume rate goes down, oxygen consumption declines. Heart muscles relaxes less between beats (becomes stiffer), heart whitethorn not pump blood as efficiently, walls may thickens, and becomes less elastic, reflex that maintain blood wardrobe upon standing up may becomes slower. Types of heart diseases that are more common in the elderly are heart failure, isolated systolic hypertension, aortic stenosis, sick sinus syndrome, atrial fibrillation and even stroke.Digestive systemThe digestive system start weaken gradually, the elderly sometimes have trouble digesting foods, their diet becomes different with age, much fiber is then needed in their diet. The digestive system looses efficiency, teeth lost, and oral diseases increases with age. gullet wears down with time, making swallowing difficult, sphincter muscles in the stomach weakens. Digestive muscles lose some of its flexibility with age and cause an elderly unable to swallow.Reproductive system and Urinary systemThe reproductive system, hormones levels changes in elderly people. The change in the reproductive system changes the effect of the urinary system functions. In the urinary system, the kidneys gets smaller with age, blood flow is reduced, sensation of needed to urinate is often delayed in some people, in other elderly people they can become very unable to hold urine and have to go to the bathroom often.As we age, some of us go through social closing off, meaning that we do not have any kind of contact with anyone, whether it is by not going out or not wanting anyone to visit. Social isolation brings depression in the elderly which is why many elderly are taking antidepressants to lift up their moods along with other medicine. Sometimes the cause of social isolation can be because of the death of their significant other, lost of income due to retiring, not getting enough coin which can be the reason why the elderly people are in poverty. Elderly women especially tends to hide poverty and keep it to themselves, they do not want anyone to know because of their personal pride, they want to run independent, not having to depend on family members for survival needs.Care givingA caregiver gives care to anyone that is unable to care for themselves. When an elderly becomes unable to care for his or herself, family members have to figure out how they are going to be able to care for him or her. Usually the daughter of the elderly person takes care of them if not then it would probably the daughter in law.There are several aspects that are involved in taking care of the elderly. Most caregivers spend more than 20 hours per week providing care, if the elderly person that needs care is a total need, then care giving can be a twenty four hours seven days a week job, Which can be a burden on the caregiver. The caregi ver provides care such as bathing, shaving, running errands such as dropping off, and picking up medication, preparing nourishing meals, doing the laundry, shopping for groceries, and etc. Many caregivers experiences mental and physical fatigue, emotional distress, and guilt over not being able to do more.The caregiver being so stressed out can sometimes convolute the elderly if the work is found to be too difficult, which can go unreported at times. Now there are many state charitable institutions where you can place the elderly such as nursing homes, adult day cares, assisted livings, hospice which depends on whether or not the elderly is terminally ill, and etc. Many people fear of placing their love one in nursing homes because, they fear the abuse that goes on in there, so therefore they can either pay a private broody to care for their love one or they would have to give up their jobs to care for them.Lastly, death is the last-place stage in the life of an elderly usually d eath can be from being very ill, or very old. When death occurs, family members grieve at the same time they feel a sense of relieve from having to take care of that person and having to give up their social life in order to care for that individual. My experiences In working on, my research paper, I have learned a lot about the elderly. Somethings I may have already know because I am a certifiable nursing assistant, I have been working as a nursing assistant for ten years now. As a certified nursing assistant my job is to provide personal care such as bathing, shaving, shampooing hair, assisting with medicine, and running errands.Being a certified nursing assistant is a very challenging job but, it is a very rewarding job, it makes me feel good to see that I am able to make a difference in someone elses life, and to be able to help someone. I enjoy what I do although, it is a stressful job, but just putting myself in their station makes me feel that it is a job worth doing. Some of the elderly people can be odorous and lovable, some can be a bit mean, and their attitudes sometimes have to do with their illness. To me I think even though it is not easy to be an elderly, having to deal with so much such as health issues, ageism, poverty, depending on other people to care for you, It is a blessing to live to be old, subtile that you have seen perhaps your third generation.ReferencesArticlebase.com (2011, Elderly care)Dictionary.com, (Aging). Retrieved August 16, 2011.http//www.everydayhealth.comhttp//www.righthealth.comMacionis, J.(2009)

Black People and African American Actors Essay Example for Free

Black People and African American Actors EssayStereotyping is the automatic/ exaggerated mental pictures that people hold to the highest degree a particular racial group without taking individual differences into consideration. Examples of stereotyping would be the main characters of the movie Rio2, Jewel and Blue being flaccid by white actors whilst their wild relatives ar balmy by non-white actors implying sophistication as well as in the movie Despicable Me 2 where El Macho and his son are given a Spanish image portraying a smooth talker and an irresistible lover that is often stereotypes about Spanish people. 87 People seem oblivious to the racial content due to various distractions like ocular stimuli such as 3D effects and the contrasting use of color, sound effects such as surround sound and the voices of the character and lastly the plot of the story.Most people are over wound up by these distractions that they rarely notice the stereotyping. Another factor would b e that parents neglect the responsibility to screen the movies that their children are watching. In some instances the stereotyping may be instilled in some parents from birth resulting in children seeing stereotyping as normal behavior. 96 Subtle racial prejudices towards Hispanic and Black people in Rio2 were the implication that wild Amazonian Macaws voiced by non- white actors are uncivilized.Songs sung by these Macaws are primarily voiced by African American actors accompanied by rhythmic beats and movements with catchy phrases primarily found in infixed song and dance. Roberto (wild Macaw) is voiced by the singer Bruno Mars who is from a mixture of Jewish and Hawaiian skillful implying (help with that word). Pedro and Nico two rapping, gangster, music loving birds are voiced by two equally successful and noteworthy rappers Will.I.Am and Jamie Foxx 99 From this passage I can conclude that even though warnings about stereotyping may be located before animation movies, many p arents would still allow their children to watch it. 31

Ethics & Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Ethics Philosophy EssayFree food grocerys can be say to be the markets which have no government kerfuffle or regulation. The only regulations present are the mavins which need protecting property rights and containing the legal system. Free markets are markets in which the product prices are solely stigmatize through market forces, as unlike to stoppage by immaterial forces. There is also unloose competition in light markets, and the law of supply and guide is used to fix prices of goods and services in such markets. There are various philosophers who support free markets while others are opposed to such markets.The paper will analyze the contributions of Adam smith, Karl Marx and Milton Friedman on the issue and will give a truncated conclusion on the issues discussed. Karl Marx. Karl Marx was a German philosophers who is considered to be amongst the most controversial philosophers in history. He was against capitalism and free markets, which he viewed to be a means with which property owners or the prolific use to maintain control over the peasants or poor. Karl Marx viewed the capitalist system as a system meant to make the rich richer and the poor poorer.He explained that initi whollyy, capitalism was meant to be a means with which people exchanged commodities which they did non have. However, later money was created, it evolved and became a means with which people could make profits as opposed to satisfying the demand for products. Over time, capitalism undermined the human development and well creation, and products created could now dictate how interactions between human beings would be. Soon, the dealing between nine became material as everything was treated in terms of its monetary worth, as opposed to creative and artistic qualities possessed.Capitalism led to the alienation of workers since they were separated from owning the means which was used for production, and they became slaves to the people who own those means. This led to the emergence of two sparing groups the property owners and the workers, and the latter were oppressed by the former. This is the creator which do him predict the collapse of capitalism and its replacement with fabianism. Socialism is a system in which the government or authority controls production so that it whitethorn be mutually beneficial to all members of the society or state.Karl Marx was opposed to free markets since they tended to favor the rich and oppress the poor. Free markets are a feature of the capitalist system, which make Karl Marx oppose them. Weaknesses of this argument. Karl Marx is opposed to free markets due to the weaknesses which he views in capitalism. Karl Marx views capitalism to be a system where the rich oppress the poor. He thitherfore opposes all features of capitalist systems which he views to be a means which promote the exploitation of the poor .However, Karl Marx does not consider the model which combines both capitalism and socia lism in order to take advantage of the positive attributes of the two models. Since socialism has its weaknesses, combining both models may be more beneficial to the economy. In this respect, moderate government interference in softwood by the government is an option which Karl Marx should have pursued. Adam smith. He is considered to be the father of the modern sparings and he contributed a lot toward the modern capitalist system.Adam Smith was of the faith that production was the key to economic growth and that this could only be achieved through economic liberalization. Adam Smith therefore supported un set markets since he saw them as a means of stimulating economic growth. He explained that free markets would change individuals to develop a business without having government intervention, and that the people who consume the products real would do so at prices which have been determined by demand and supply forces .Adam Smith added that free markets enabled the most priva te-enterprise(a) producers and consumers to survive, which was beneficial to the economy. He viewed free markets are independent problem solvers which did not bear government interference, since market forces eventually address any surpluses or shortages which are inherent in the market. Adam Smith uses the imperceptible hand theory to explain the way in which different parts of the economy are integrated. Smith explains that each individual is guided by an invisible hand in making their decisions which benefit the economy, without their knowledge.He explains that individuals carry out actions which are meant to benefit themselves, but they end up benefiting the society at large, which is not the initial aim of the individual. Smith gives an illustration of the creation of a wool coat. He says that the coat is developed after a series of processes which are undertaken by different people. The shepherd who owns the sheep, the spinner who develops the coats, and the shipper who tran sports them to the market all play a role in the creation of the finished product.He explains that this subconscious process by the different parties knotty achieves higher levels of efficiencies than would be achieved had the process been planned by the players involved. It means that markets which are modulate by the government have lower efficiency levels compared to markets which are not regulated . This is the major reason why Adam Smith supports the free markets as opposed to regulated markets. Weaknesses of this argument. Adam smith is of the perspicacity that free markets enabled the most competitive producers and consumers to survive, which is beneficial to the economy.He gives many attributes of free markets, most of which are true. However, he does not discuss the weaknesses of free markets. Free markets suffer from certain weaknesses such as inhibiting the growth of teentsy firms. Free markets may also experience monopolistic and oligopolistic tendencies which adverse ly affect the economy. The economy may also suffer certain effect attributed to unfair practices in trade. Other effects like inflation, market downturns and others require regulation by a central authority. Adam Smith does not discuss these situations, which makes his argument inconclusive.Milton Friedman. Friedman made major contributions to the economic crisis during the early 20th century. He viewed the 1920s as a period of sustainable and vital growth. Friedman believed that economic growth and freedom had a direct relationship. He used several principles and arguments to moreover his support from free markets. The political principle was used by Friedman to define the features of free markets. He explained that in free markets, individuals cannot coerce each other and that there is voluntary cooperation between the parties involved .He elevate explained that parties which are involved in transactions under such circumstances benefit in one way or another, otherwise they wou ld not participate in these transactions. In free market transactions, there are no social responsibilities and values there are only shared responsibilities and values. However, Friedman was also of the opinion that the government should intervene in the economy if there is threat to it. One of the instances when Friedman supported government interference was during the Great depression which occurred in 1929.The Great Depression changed the view that the United States economy was robust and that it should be totally free from government control, after the US Stock Exchange collapsed due to various factors. Friedman supports the market regulation and explains that if the Federal presidential term had intervened and applied the right policies, this depression would have been avoided. He explains that the Federal Government should have suspended payment for the withdrawals being requested by people. The policy which was used at the time, which involved printing more money to supplem ent the increased demand, is blamed for the Great Depression.This reveals a more cheeselike approach to the initial jib that government intervention should not be allowed, and that the markets should be allowed to operate as free markets. However, it does not completely change the stance which had been taken by Friedman regarding free markets. Government interference is allowed only under special circumstances where lack of intervention would lead to severe effects to the economy. This was the gaucherie during the Great depression and is also catamenialy the case in the event of the global financial crisis being experienced.Weaknesses of this argument. Friedman is categorical that there should be free markets if economies are to grow. He argues that the absence of social values and responsibilities and the straw man of shared values are factors which facilitate economic growth. However, he appears to take a soft back when discussing the Great Depression where he advocates for government interference, but using the right policies. This is a deviation from his stand that the government should not interfere with the business milieu.It also reveals that free trade has weaknesses which he does not efficaciously address. Personal view. In my opinion, free markets do not lead to serious political, social, or environmental problems as explained by some philosophers. This is because free markets are the most effective and natural means in which prices should be set to ensure effectiveness. On the contrary, a wrong approach of interference by the government may lead to serious political, social, or environmental problems as was seen in the Great Depression.The current financial crisis which began in the United States can also be said to have been accelerated by the government calamity to limit the borrowings by investors and excess lending by financial institutions using predatory lending practices. This is a similar problem which led to the great depressions, and the government interference is seen to have led to adverse effects rather than positive effects on the economy. However, in extreme cases of economic problems, the government should intervene. This should only be done to save the economy in cases where the market forces are clearly unable to rectify the situation.For instance, the current financial crisis facing the world requires the governments intervention. This does not mean that the government supports the regulation of markets since in the absence of economic crises, the market forces would usually be used to set the product prices. My major reasons for supporting free markets is that regulated markets usually discourage investments, especially if the regulations are too strict. Investors prefer investing in countries where there is free trade since they can predict their future earnings or returns on investment, due to the absence of external factors in the business environment.Regulated markets may also adversely affect the economy especially if the policies which are applied are retrogressive. Summary and conclusion. It is evident that the three philosophers made major contributions to the modern world. Their theories are lock away in use several years after some of them passed away. However, it is essential to note that their arguments relating to free trade are inconclusive since some of the facts which they used to support their arguments have changed. It is also important to note that none of them has a wrong view, it is only that they looked at free trade from different perspectives.The contributions which each of them has made to society should be appreciated since they all talked about various issues affecting the society, and not just free trade. It is important that other scholars improve on the theories which were advanced by Adam smith, Karl Marx and Milton Friedman. This will reflect the market environment as it is today, and the arguments developed can be used to improve the policie s in the current business environment. deeds cited.Amadae Samuel. Rationalizing capitalist democracy the Cold War origins of rational choice liberalism.Chicago University of Chicago Press, 2003, p255-261. Gagnier Regenia. The insatiability of human wants economics and esthetics in market society. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 2000, p25-35. Machaj Mateusz. Friedman for government intervention the case of the great depression. Mises Daily. Retrieved on borderland 18, 2009 from http//74. 125. 95. 132/search? q=caches8QYmlyzr-4Jmises. org/story/2442+Milton+Friedman+and+support+of+free+marketscd=8hl=enct =clnkgl=ke. Sunderlin, William D. Ideology, social theory, and the environment. New York Rowman Littlefield, 2002, p23-33.