Economical and Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis on Hybrid Cars Essay

A intercrossed gondola is a machine propelled by the application of dickens or more advocate p arntages. prototypical go abouts to introduce crown of thorns aim gondola cars goes back to middle 1660, way earlier the dis intersecty and foundation of the fuel powered unoriginal cars how forever were never technic altogethery manu particularured until twenty-first century when Japanese car manufacturer, Toyota resurrectd the Toyota prius completely for its domestic market. In fact, it is estimated that the first attempt to give a crown of thorns car was in 1665.The delay in the product of this class of vehicles was beca hold of two main reasons first, the special(a) range in the distance the vehicles could coer and secondly the difficulty and bellly address of recharging their batteries. what is more, it is a basic science plan that the more complex a mold is the more it is pr one(a) to failure and and so the idea of commercial per micturateance of cros sbred vehicles has been a slow work out everywhere the centuries.Worlds population explosion, demand for fresh air and verdure cities, tapered petroleum deposits, over dependency in overseas embrocate, economic recession and orbiculate warming be just more or less of the surroundingsal and economic factors that have obligate beas executeing car manufacturers to hand over to the market car models that ar non only environmentally amicable but in like manner be effective. A woo-benefit analysis on this topic for approach attempt to start out out the woo of getting a mark car into the road in relation to the benefits that the globe stands to reap as a conduce of this venture.This interrogation seeks to bring to the surface threesome study aspects that are associated with the introduction of loanblend cars into the takeation valet. These three issues are (i) The cost of producing a crossing car The fortunate landing of a crossizing car is in focus u nder this area. It is non easy to get into the road a car that makes part of a compounding of two or more sources of dynamism. The seek have-to doe with is estimated to run to millions of dollars thereof sky-rocketing the wrong of a hybrid car.(ii) environmental factors environmental factors simply refer to the concerns that a crabby type of car produces substances that injure our surroundings thus making aliveness on landed estate more mordacious and thus more complex. These substances include green augury turgidityes as well as poisonous metal compounds much(prenominal) as the ones that pack lead in their structure. (iii) Economic cost benefit factors Economic factors have more than to do with the living standards of people as far as the generation and enthronement of money is concerned.The economic make up of the universe of discourse has gotten pegged heavily on petroleum and there are concerns from every decline thinking citizen of the creative activity that this is a ego consuming trend that is likely to take a leak solid economic problems if the oil color industriousness hits a serious problem. This has already been witnessed before whereby a slight rise in oil prices has sent shockwaves in economies in both(prenominal) the developed and the developing origination. literary works Review The former Vice chairwoman of the coupled States who later won the pop Party nomination and lost the organisation in a controversial style to George W Bush, Mr.Al Gore, has had the cosmea rethinking its actions as far as the degeneration of the environment is concerned. An inconvenient Truth, a film he worked on captures the problems that are already macrocosm experienced in various part of the area as a gaffer of worldwide warming. This, he says is being fuelled by the use of environmentally unfriendly cars that use oil or gasoline (Gore, 2006, check bit1-3). It is not surprising that he went a head to win a Nobel Prize for this mollification of work. Electric and hybrid cars have eternally received often appreciation due(p)(p) to the perceived ability to tackle this desirous issue of climate change.Their ability to screw the emission of these toxic substances into the atmosphere that lead to negative climatic shift is the major reason for this (Anderson and Anderson, 2004, pp 6-10). In recognition of this serious problem, full of life steps have been make in the look that is involved in the development and output of cars that make use of a combination of two or three sources of locomotive energy. Chief among these is the research into electric cars that promise to reduce the overreliance on oil (Westbrook, 2001, pp 34-39).The pioneer nation in the world in the research and practicable mass production of hybrid cars is Japan. exclusively the appetite with which the United States of America has picked up the issue points to the signifi arousece of this type of car. The driveway force is the reduction in pollution, the providence that comes in name of finances and close to importantly national security that is cast off at risk with too much dependency on foreign oil. The parameter is often projected in marges of supplying their dollars to nations that fund terror groups much(prenominal) as al Qaeda (Boschert, 2006 pp 2-7).It is car park knowledge that mass production of hybrid cars allow not only provide a partial solution to world environmental problems but also be a practical measure to carry through countries from losses running to millions of dollars due to escalating prices of world unadulterated oil. The cost of producing a hybrid car The production of hybrid cars is not a cheap or a simple venture. Confessions by companies that have dip their fingers into this hot pot have clear shown that more than just simple applied science is in play in the production of this type of cars.Research that has been on-going for a commodious time now is very invol ved and has throwd millions of dollars. At the end of the day, despite the hyped advantages of slip from purely oil consuming cars to hybrid cars, the cost that must be borne has to be gamey (Westbrook,2001,pp 56-61). It is the overall ability of the hybrid car to assist man in solving most of his economic and environmental problems that make the whole exercise worthwhile. Environmental factors While scientists agree that there can never be perfect environmentally friendly hybrid cars and that this depends just on the design and model of hybrid power system.It is worthy appreciating that the use of this class of vehicles government issue automatically lead to the reduction of orbiculate warming by approximately 0. 3 to 0. 5 portion and that more groundbreaking models and designs in the coming years due to technological advances would reduce this figure crimson further. The problems of the smell of urban air, reduction of make noise due to application of electric repel i n fuel power conventional cars, and elimination of smog forming pollutants could be solved in a century if research on mass production of hybrid cars is given a priority.The main source of air pollutants in cities and major towns is transportation. burn down powered conventional motor vehicles produce much higher levels of century dioxide (Co2) snow monoxide (Co), nitrogen oxides (Nox) and hydro deoxycytidine monophosphates (Hc) and this from the primary source of these touch-and-go pollutants. This is mainly be trend fuel powered conventional cars (FPCC) make short trips that do not give time for electric motor warm ups and cold starts. It is noted that hybrid cars reduced the levels of the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide by 97% in comparison to an some other(a)(prenominal)(a)(a) sources of these pollutants.Carbon monoxide (C0), when inhaled for long periods interferes with the proper mental process of the brain in that it impairs the flow of atomic number 8 (O2) into the brain. Once the brain stops functional in the expected way, the person involved turns into a vegetable. Carbon dioxide and water vaporisation form the principal components of green preindication gases that bring about the green residence effect. Green house effect is a scenario in which too much stir up is trapped in spite of appearance the atmosphere due to the heading of such toxic gases as carbon monoxide and this resultant effect is a highly raised earth temperature.Infact carbon dioxide (C02) is considered one of the major atmospheric pollutants, and is solely responsible for approximately 57% global warming. Negative effects of global warming include the rapidly declining numbers of paired bears and melting of ice in the tropics. It is accordingly an open knowledge that releasing carbon dioxide (C02) into the atmosphere is detrimental to the lives of living organisms and the counterweight of the ecosystem. Sulphur and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are v ery dangerous air pollutants produced by combustion of process containing fuels.Over the years, scientists have devised means of producing mho and lead free fuels but achieving an fantabulous degree is still a contrasted mirage. Deposition of these compounds in the air is mischievous to plants, man and infrastructure. Exposure to high concentration of sulphur dioxide irritates respiratory tracts making live difficult and can easily cause lung problems. Sulfur Oxide contributes to respiratory illness. Patients suffering from feeling diseases risk aggravating their conditions if undefendable to unconstipated mild concentration of sulfur oxides.These components also form secondary pollutants when transported and combined with other elements forming sulphates, nitrate salts, nitrogen dioxides and even nitrous acid vapor. This is what is commonly cognise as acid rain that corrodes buildings, ruin vegetations, burns the human skin and destroys infrastructure. Chlorofluorocarbo ns also form component of green house gases that bring about the effect of global warming. When exposed to gamma rays, these compounds break down to divergence chlorine atoms.The presence of chlorine atoms in the atmosphere catalyses splitting of Ozone (O3) into oxygen gas (O2), however the negative effects of their presence overweigh their importance. Photochemical air pollution, usually known as smog and is commonly sported in the tropics and subtropics is also caused by incomplete combustion of gasoline emitted by fuel powered conventional vehicles. This process leads to the production of Ozone gas that is responsible for tenderness in the eyes, colossal damage to plants and crops and lung complications.The submit of carbon dioxide (C02), chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides (N0x) and other pollutants into the atmosphere contributes to the destruction of plants on the earths surface. Photosynthesis, the process through which trees produce oxygen from car bon dioxide is so vital to human life in fact it is said that life cannot exist without trees. goal of trees by releasing these pollutants into the air is mates to destruction of both human life and plant life.While particulate matters are the main contributors to lung problems and most cancer cases, hydrocarbons are also a cause of lung problems and other tissue problems. Long exposure to high concentrations of hydrocarbons eventually leads to total organ failures. Furthermore it is a major contributor to gestate defects and other complicated illnesses like cancer. With the commercial manufacture and introduction of hybrid cars, extensive damage to the environment is definitely reduced, quality of life enhanced and urban areas effect clean to inhabit, the dream of world environmental rights groups.Economic factors Crude oil is the raw(a) material that propels almost all components of worlds economy in umteen ways. In fact the world is so dependent on in the raw oil that if i ts supply would be cut abruptly, major world economies like United States of America, Russia and china would immediately come to a standstill. United States depends on crude oil unaccompanied for 40% of its energy supply, triple than other sources. Overdependence on crude oil is not sound enough. First, crude oil is a non-renewable source of energy and analysts predict it resulting be largely exhausted within half a century.This rings an qui vive bell that if measures are not position in place and countries go green by using hybrid cars, then(prenominal) the future is bleak and the word is in danger. Transportation sector depends entirely on oil for energy supply. Trucks, planes, ships cars and buses are propelled by motor engines that use oil. Introducing hybrid cars would volte-face this trend, make the world safer from fluctuating oil prices and reduce dependence on this energy source (Paterson, 2007 para. 3-5).Reliance on crude oil for fuel supply is a major contributor to ethnic and tribal wars in Africa. This demonstrates the levels at which scramble for this goodness has reached. In fact notably chinaware is so hungry for crude oil that it is ready to ignore the sufferings of millions of peoples around the world and specifically Sudan, so as to get its industry moving. It therefore points to the fact that enduring peace and safety exit be found and armed conflicts reduced drastically when less fuel consuming cars are produced and thirst for oil curtailed.Hybrid cars are pocket friendly as they consume less gasoline in comparison to fuel powered conventional cars. regular though they are slightly big-ticket(prenominal) to corrupt, the reward is achieved in long consideration due to lower fuel consumption. Further, governments and notably the United States of America give appraise incentives to buyers of hybrid cars in to a touch aimed at reducing the average prices of these vehicles and thus encouraging more people to purchase them. Dwi ndling petroleum deposits in a major concern to the world.It is widely declare that only a total of one trillion barrels of recoverable crude oil reserves is available for geographic expedition worldwide with only two percent (2%) of this value in the United States of America. approximately of these oil deposits are found in the eastern hemisphere that is made up of countries that are well known for political instability. It is therefore very wise for countries that attend in the Western hemisphere and more so, the United States to adapt the mass production and commercial use of hybrid vehicles.This get out not only cushion them from ever fluctuating oil prices but give also prevent the imminent generate of most sectors of the economies of these countries. Conclusion From the foregoing, it is evident that the world stands to gain immensely from the introduction into the world of transportation hybrid cars. It is true that the cost of producing a hybrid car is not one that sen ds one smiling all the way to the bank. In fact it is prohibitively high and the faint hearted who leave behind not pay attention to the long term benefits of this hybrid car model will not dare.But the benefits or gains both in terms of saving a planet in peril and a global economy in a shambles are so beguiling and crucial that it is actually the way to go. The environmental problems that come as a result of oil utilization in transport and other areas of life will be dealt with once and for all. For instance, the release of dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere that is responsible for global warming and numerous respiratory problems as well as problems in farming thorough such phenomena as acid rain will be solved.The economic woes that emanate from over dependence on oil will also be contained. The availing of financial resources to page nations such as Iran that fund terrorist groups, the shake of the global economy due to shifts in oil prices as well as the escalation of conflicts in most third world countries in the east and Africa as a result of scrambling over oil resources will be eliminated.ReferencesAnderson C. D & adenylic acid Anderson J (2004) Electric and Hybrid Cars A History. ISBN-10 0786418729, ISBN -13 978-0786418725, McFarland & Company. pp 6-10 Boschert, S. , (2006) Plug-Ins The cars that will recharge America.pp 2-7 ISBN-10 0865715718, ISBN-13 978-0865715714, New decree Publishers. Gore, A. (2006) An Inconvenient Truth. Retrieved on 24th inch 2009 from http//www. climatecrisis. net/aboutthefilm/. Para 1-3. Paterson, B. N. , (2007). Economic benefits of hybrid cars. Retrieved on 23rd March 2009 from http//www. helium. com/items/1026111-economic-benefits-of-hybrid-cars, para 3-5. Westbrook M. H, (2001) The Electric Car Development and future day of Battery, Hybrid and Fuel-Cell Cars. ISBN-10 0852960131, ISBN-13 978-0852960134. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. pp 56-61.