Of Mice and Men Dreams Essay

Good brainstorming attempt. You have written more than most at your age. Let’s try and clarify the ideas. QUESTION -Many of the characters’ ambitions in ‘Of Mice and Men’ are focused on dreams for a better life analyse the presentation of two of these dreams within the novel. How to Write an Essay 1. Don’t panic 2. Try to follow each of the characters. What would it really be like to be them? 3. Try to develop a short thesis statement. 4. Try not to deviate too far from the thesis statement during the essay. 5. Do you use one or two quotes? I’m from the U.S. We use double quotes first. Then, single quotes. Here are three good ideas you had. Try and develop the dream idea more. Stay away from the death of the dream. The question is really not asking how the dream dies. I have reworked the paragraphs a lot. The American Dream of prosperity and independence fuels Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men. The two central characters, George and Lennie, forge a bond to achieve this dream. In the achievement of their dream, they must separate themselves from the masses of itinerant workers whose sweat, grime, and despair become obstacles to dream fulfillment. George feels that their situation is unique in contrast to other ranch workers: they have each other. He boasts, ‘Because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you.’ This shows that George and Lennie share a symbiotic relationship; they depend on each other to provide a sense of hope in an otherwise bleak life. In addition, their wages, food rations, and necessities will be shared. Lennie’s childlike faith in the dream forces the cynical George to confront the dream daily. Lennie’s main objective is to ‘tend the rabbits.’ He constantly looks to George for reassurance that he will be able to tend rabbits in the future. â€Å"Tending the rabbits† is a manifestation of George’s love for Lennie as much as it is Lennie’s dream. George is â€Å"tending the rabbits† already in driving ahead with the dream. Develop this paragraph. Despite the obvious joys of independence and owning land, George longs for freedom, the freedom of not having to work; instead, having the liberty to choose when he will work. ‘And when it rains in the winter, we’ll just say the hell with goin’ to work, and we’ll build up a fire in the stove and set around it an’ listen to the rain comin’ down on the roof.’ Another comparison: Curley’s idea of the dream.

Executive Summary Essay

Posted by Petra at 1:43 PM No comments: Wednesday, January 9, 2008 9. Pricing Price is the amount of money a buyer has to sacrifice in order to get what he/she wants. Pampers’ tends to make their products available to wide range of customers, so their price must also be affordable, reasonable and relatively low. I’ve already mentioned that Pampers’ makes constant improvements of the products, but also ofthe production process with new technology. That makes possible lowering of the price with noback step in the product’s quality. P&G generally uses the strategy of price reductions on recognized brands, cost control throught the organization, and introduction of economy-priced products worldvide. Pampers’ often uses price promotion mix by giving coupons and temporary discounts togenerate higher sales. Price promotion mix is generally used to reinforce the basic price mixwhich includes fixed prices and terms of payment, whereas price promotion mix representsadditional reductions in order to tempt customer to buy. For example, Pampers’ coupons are given in some stores on the register when a customer buyscompetitors’ products†¦ This is a way in encouraging potential customers to join the crew and discouraging them in buying competitors products! Pampers’ also uses non monetary promotions in order to avoid contractions in customers’ qualityperception and to enhance brand loyalty. Pampers’ must be careful with its pricing decisions because the demand for diapers isrelatively elastic nowadays. That means that sudden change of prices can decrease the demand in the extent that higher profits wouldn’t be able of covering that. The biggest cause of this sensitive situation is the presence of competition with similar, slightly differentiated products.

My favourite book Essay

Nowadays a lot of people think that the more people have TV or Internet in their homes, the fewer people will buy books. It’s often thought why to read long novels, when a play on TV can tell you the same story with colours, pictures and actions. But I’m certain, that books are still popular, becouse it’s a cheaper way, than to go to the cinema and also you can keep a book forever and read it many time. My favourite book is written by Erich Maria Remarque (1898-1970), German-American novelist, born in Osnabruck, Germany, and educated at the University of Munster. He served in the German army during World War I. During the war he wrote his first novel † All Quite on the Western Front†, it became an internalional bestseller. I’ve read a lot of novels by Remarque, but most of all I like â€Å"A time to live and a time to die† published in 1954. This novel is about Soldier Ernst Greaber, who is doing military service at the Russian front . One day he gets a short holiday homeward. Once arrived in his native town he learns about the despairs and dissapointment the war has spread over the country. The town is bombed down, parents, friends and relatives are vanished. On the desperate search for his missing parents he meets a former companion of his youth Elisabeth. They marry , but unfortunately Ernst must leave his native town and departure back to the front. Just arriving in Russia Ernst is involved into the midst of a conflict. When he gets a lift and has an opportunity to leave the war, he refuses†¦,becouse the his troops are losing. At this point Ernst perish. The main character Ernst Greaber is a sensitive, just and loyal person. From his point of view this degrading situation in his native town is much harder to him than the fight taking place at the far away Russian front. Graeber partly sees himself responsible for the † horror†, but cannot find a way out of this devastating outcome of the war. Elizabeth is a pretty young woman, but inhibited by fear and worry of war. From my point of view I believe that Remarque showed the serious conflict between extreme idealism and humanity clearly and with a sensible feeling. He described the heroical fighter as a person with feelings. On the other hand, he described the victims of the war, Germans the same as Bolschewists precisely and showed the controversies in the arguments of the National Socialism. To my mind, I think this book is one of the greatest pieces of war literature because it sdoesn’t give just an objective scenery is given but also questions are delivered which encourage to give some thought.

Healthcare Organization Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Healthcare Organization Management - Essay Example For a health care administrator, it is clear to utilize a strategy that assesses policies within the environment of the organization. Each organization faces different challenges. One of the heavy reflections that was taken from the article is the administration of Social Security within the context of HIPAA. This strategy is more for a standardized approach and does not cater to an individual organization. Hence, a more integrated approach is needed in order to understand and acknowledge the perspectives all stakeholders is illogical because every case is different. This article is relevant because it discusses the intricacies of healthcare field, which is the focal point of discussion in our class. Since this class discusses the impacts of healthcare, it is highly crucial to understand the current environment of healthcare and how it correlates with this discussion. processes are placed. Another important aspect within the realm of 120,000 eligible healthcare professionals and more than 3,300 hospitals have qualified to participate, which allows a seamless access of patients to extract their information online â€Å"outpatient lab reporting† as a menu option for hospitals and â€Å"recording clinical notes† as a menu objective for both physicians and hospitals. Stageful 2 is a supplementary transition for organizations from stageful. The purpose is to also facilitate regulation in an organizational environment. One thing I took away from the article is that in order to be more lucrative in this field, education is extremely

The executive branch of state government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The executive branch of state government - Essay Example The public elects the president to serve a term of four years after which he can be reappointed to power again, (Brannen & Baker, 2005). The presidential position term is renewable once through reappointment. The executive ensures that the national laws implemented and enforced, (Ferguson, 2006). This is done in order to ensure that the daily responsibilities of the federal government are carried out smoothly. These responsibilities include collecting of taxes, representing the political and the economic interests of United States to the world and safeguarding the affair of the nation within its borders. The president enacts and implements the legislative laws. The president also bargains contracts, and he heads the armed forces and the state. Legislature   The congress also labeled as the legislature comprises of the senate and the members of the house. The senate comprises of two legislators from all the states and the assembly involves the two houses. Similarly, the senate consi sts of about one hundred senate members, each state with two representatives, and the public appoints the senate members from their states. They serve for the period of six years after which can be reelected for another six-year term. The nation’s assistant president heads the congress, (Gershman, 2008). However, he is not expected to vote unless in a special case like when a tie between two powers occurs. The senate also has the duty of approving the presidential nomination to the cabinet as well as other related posts.... The senate should rectify the contracts made by the government by approximately two-thirds approval votes. The representative body consists of state representatives from various regions. The population they represent from their respective states determines these representatives. Presently, there are about 436 house members. The increasingly populated states give more representatives to the legislature that the scarcely populated states. The representatives are appointed by the public to rule for a term of two years, and the representatives appoints the speaker of the house. The crucial role of the legislative department is to make state laws, by first drafting the law and later discussing it, (Hall & McGuire, 2005). The congress votes whereby by if the law is voted in by at least two thirds, is adopted as law for the nation upon approval by the president. The judiciary The judiciary entails the Central Court of the US (that head the judiciary) and minor national courts, (Garcia, 2003 ). The difficult cases from the legislative department are taken to the judiciary for hearing. The body rules whether a case is legal from the constitution or not. The president chose such justices and the senate approves them. The power of the Supreme Court is final and thus cannot be challenged by any court. Theories Collective action This theory explains how people can cooperate to over social dilemmas they face. Collective action hypothesis suggests that people have the power to discern cooperation values and social rules. This is a shift from the normal capacity of a human being, in which he exhibits self- interest and short-term benefits. This extends the accomplishment of the collective action. However, the solidarity attitude can be eliminated if

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Finance - Essay Example This report analyses the behaviour of the stock in the past five years, links it to the financial performance of the company and predicts the future trend that may emerge. This report also analyses the value of the TESCO share as an instrument for investment in absolute terms. Different tools are available for making financial analysis of stocks and range from the very simple and elegant to the very complex and difficult to understand ones. Here we use some of the most recognised analysis methods such as Earnings per Share (EPS); Price to Earnings Ratio (PE); Cash Flow Discounting; Market Value; and Book Value. The financial performance of the company is better understood through the calculation of some important ratios that assist us in further detailed appraisal. (These ratios are calculated from the summary financial performance sheets placed at Enclosures 1 and 2.) This ratio helps us understand the relative importance of long-term debt in the capital structure and can therefore provide useful additional information for assessing the acceptability of the overall leverage position of the business. The long-term leverage of the company is good and shows a positive and reducing trend over the period considered. Indicating that the long term debt is coming down and this will impact future interest burden as well as allow the company to raise further funds in the debt market, should they be required. c. Interest cover = operating profit / interest charges This shows the number of times available profit covers interest charges and measures the extent to which operating profit can fall without being insufficient to cover the interest charges and thereby create a pre-tax loss. 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007-08 Operating Profit 1361 1600 1943 2235 2653 1289 Interest Expenses 227 258 235 241 216 20 Interest Cover (Times) 6.00 6.20 8.27 9.27 12.28 N.R.2 The effect of the lowering debt resulting in lowering of the interest burden is clearly evident in these numbers. The company appears to have no problem in servicing its debt, the numbers compare very favourably with the industry average of 3.29. 1.2 Operating performance: The ratios that are relevant are: a. Return on Capital Employed (also known as the primary ratio) = Operating Profit / Capital Employed

Restorative Justice and Young Offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Restorative Justice and Young Offenders - Essay Example (Luna 2003) This inclusive process of penology is preferred as a medium for dealing with the causes and effects of crime in the community. (Luna 2003) Restorative justice views crime as an offence against an individual (or individuals) and the community and is thus a departure from the traditional norm in penology where the state assumes the role as the one whose prohibitions has been breached. The locus of dealing with crime and its effects under restorative justice is thus communal in nature. Consequently, Marshall (1995) has observed that restorative justice gives "recognition of community, rather than criminal justice agencies as the prime site of crime control" (p.1) Marshall (1999) also asserts that restorative justice is founded on principles which include "making room for the personal involvement of those mainly concerned (particularly the offender and the victim, but also their families and communities); seeing crime problems in their social context; a forward-looking (or preventative) problem-solving orientation;" and "flexibility of practice (creativity)" (p.5). One of the areas of the criminal justice system that restorative justice is showin... (Thames Valley Police, 1999) McGarrell (2001) observes that in the US, emphasis on issues of youth violence and school safety due to school shootings, have diverted attention from an important area of concern like delinquency among the very young. Writing in 2000, Puzzanchera et al, had indicated through available statistics that 16 percent of youth below the age of 13 arrested by police were referred to juvenile courts. What is more worrying is the fact that 60 per cent of youth between the ages of 10-12 referred to juvenile courts re-offended and thus appeared before the courts more than once. (McGarrell, 2001) Snyder and Sickmund (1995) have also observed that 80 percent of youth who are referred to juvenile courts for a second time are likely to offend again and thus appear before the courts again. Though the incidence of child delinquency that precipitates this early involvement with the criminal justice system are generally not serious crimes, the risk of child offenders progressing to more serious crimes in the future is very high - two out of three time higher than for offenders who start offending at a later stage in life. (Loeber and Farrington, 2000) Consequently, "early involvement in status offenses and delinquency is a stepping stone in a pathway to serious, violent, and chronic offending". (McGarrell, 2001 p.1) With such a high incidence of offending and re-offending, the criminal justice system dealing with youth crime definitely needs a system that can stem the tide of this chronic re-offending rate among the youth and the promise that restorative justice is showing in this direction is encouraging. As is evident in the introductory segment of this literature review, restorative justice can be used widely in the criminal justice system to deal

Thomas nagel Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thomas nagel - Assignment Example The mental states include beliefs, pain, being, desires and others. The theory tends to look at what something does rather than what constitute them. An example is what makes a mousetrap is not the material but rather the function it plays in catching the mice. Functionalism theory separates the brain state from mind state and concentrates on the mind  to elaborate the function of material rather than what constitute it from the mind state. Functionalism theory tends to differentiate the mind state and brain state by concentrating on the roles of mental state or what these mental states cause that define mental state as oppose to general brain state. Functionalist shows that the mind state is different from the brain state and physical system from which it arises. Identity theory other hand, argues that the mind states are identical to the brain states which is a physical state. The identity theory argues that mind and brain states are the same thing. Identity theory suggests that any mind processes such as image formation are just the brain processes. Consciousness has derivation from the Latin words con that means ‘with’ and scire, which means ‘to know’. Hence, consciousness can perceive and know. Nagel argues that the materialism cannot conclusively account for conscious experience by referring to robots having functional state yet they do not experience consciousness. These automated materials also have an identity and fulfill all requirements for the functional state as noted by reductionist yet they do not have conscious experience in their functions. These automated machines always repeat designed commands that a human can change at any given time. From this point, Nagel sees no sense of defending materialism without showing consciousness of mental phenomena. In his bat view, a human being cannot know how it is like to be a bat due to limiting mind resources in imagination. Human imagination can only give an idea in how to behave like a bat.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - Essay Example Of course, every discipline does have an ethics or methodological code of conduct, and the point is not to criticize archaeologists. However, what the nature of their activity is as a 'type' depends on the context. In some contexts, the very same activity is grave robbing while in others, it is a respected science. Problems of identity or 'types', can be described as having a 'gray' area, and this is precisely why the question is being raised in the introduction. The problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is that there are too many cross-over to other 'types' and that the line between types is no clearer than it is for any other concept that involves some notion of 'identity'. The following will analyze the Introverted Intuitive Thinking Judging (INTJ) type and the 'mastermind' within the Keirsey scale, with an eye toward demonstrating some of the limitations. INTROVERTED: On the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the first attribute of the INTJ type is introverted. It is important t o stress that this is a specific form of introversion. This form might be described as an 'escaping to' rather than an 'escaping from'. Some introverts are that way because they are trying to get away from social interactions and for a variety of reasons or causes. The INTJ personality is introverted, but they are so as a matter of choice. Being introverted allows for conceptual or analytical activity to take place, and thus as a choice, for the INTJ, it can be described as just a â€Å"practical† decision [Personality Page, 2011, â€Å"INTJ†]. INTUITIVE: Like the introverted quality, the intuitive side of the INTJ and for the writer of the present analysis, is one that is not a strictly conventional definition. Intuition or the form of intuition for the INTJ can be said to be rational. As an individual who invests a lot of time in learning and investigating, the type of intuition that is accessible to the INTJ is also the outcome of conditioning through â€Å"reasonà ¢â‚¬  or â€Å"rationality† [Personality Page, 2011, â€Å"INTJ†]. That is, intuitions take the forms of finding a common thread through seemingly disparate elements, and having the insight at first which was conditioned by reasoning patterns of the past, and further, a type of intuition that can be factually verified. That is, the rational side of the INTJ will not allow an intuition into the conceptual scheme, without there being some practical or pragmatic reason to do so. And, the pragmatic or practical side of the intuition, is to verify or empirically test the intuition rather than just trust the instinctual or emotional side of the experience. THINKING: In the Myers-Briggs Personality Types, the opposite of â€Å"thinking† is â€Å"feeling† [Personality Page, 2011, â€Å"INTJ†]. As was described in the previous section on intuition, thinking or rationally analyzing phenomenon is a primary mode of operation for the INTJ. At this juncture, it is important that both the type and my own self-assessment maintain that thinking through a situation is much more important and indeed, valid, then just feeling about it. For instance, as a parent, this would mean that 'love' 'is not' all you need – that is, to invert a well known set of lyrics from the rock group, the Beatles. Rather, parenting would involve making decisions on what is most reasonable and practical, rather than what the emotion of love is dictating.  

Business Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Law and Ethics - Essay Example A number of parents consider themselves obliged to instill virtues of right or wrong in their children. Foundations of personal ethics are built when a parent tells the child that it is wrong to steal and the behavior of the parent has a strong impact alike. Family’s actions contribute heavily to the personal ethics and morality of a child (Pojman & Fieser 56). Religious beliefs, on the other hand, do have special influences on personal ethics. The reason is, religion allows individuals to conform to set moral regulations. There is a promise of reward as a form of motivation for adhering to the â€Å"rules† in religion. Culture is a set of key values, attitudes, assumptions, and norms shared by a group of people (Pojman & Fieser 63). One may have a personal ethos simply because of the culture surrounding. With time the traditions and norms of society may be upheld and ingrained in an individual. As a person grows up in life, ethical standards do change. A number of facts can shift ones ethical standards: experience, emotions, personal understanding, and internal reflection. In the development of an individual, there are diverse experiences that one goes through, this, have a great impact on his ethical norms. Feelings could shift the ethical attitudes of people. As one is overtaken by the time he will have a different understanding o n different issues and he will develop his ethics towards the issues that he understands better off. It feels bad and ashamed when something is done in contrary to our moral code. Similarly, it feels good and proud when something that is coined to our ethical norm is done. The manufacturing company is in grave violation of the principles of ethics. A critical examination is taken on scenario three. First, it is against the principle of consequents, that stipulates the ratio of good or bad an action produces.     

Analysis Research Paper On Food Trade Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Analysis On Food Trade - Research Paper Example Global food trade is increasing because of advancements in infrastructure, transportation, consumer demands and marketing networks. Consequentially, trade is expanding with the increases in global population as well as per capital. This has led to globalization of food production, agriculture corporatization and agriculture industrialization. Thesis statement The objective of this thesis is to analyze US food exports and imports. The issue of food export and import in US food system has been addressed with emphasis on agricultural trade as well as food production. In the United States, food import has increased as opposed to export, which is partly associated with the elevated global food trade. Americans’ high demand for imported foods has led to US reliance on other countries such as China as the principal supplier of food stuffs. If the current trend in food trade in the United States subsists, economists argue that the US economy is likely to be weakened because of high de bts accruing from numerous spending on food import. This paper also analyzes and identifies the global impacts of agriculture industrialization, corporatization as well as globalization of food production. The approach in food production results to benefits as well as adverse outcomes both to the consumer and producer. Although agriculture industrialization, corporatization and globalization of food production generate productivity and economic benefits, they are associated with several detrimental effects on social, ecological as well as economic realms. Furthermore, historical and modern perspectives of economics are analyzed in this paper as they relate to resource utilization and sustainability. Although economists’ perceptions on sustainable agriculture vary, they are usually founded on the principle of profitability and humans’ capacity to find alternative resources as well as solutions to their problems. Several individuals have analyzed economics perspectives o f sustainability with minimal interest on variations between historical and modern economics perspectives. Methodology In this research, an analytical approach was adopted based on information or data provided in various secondary sources. The data concerning food trade was analyzed to assess the composition as well as trend of both imports and exports. The reports in food trade database were accessed and evaluated to identify the consumption behaviors of Americans. Information on various websites such as those owned by food trade regulation bodies provided substantial data for the analysis research on food trade. Research findings contained in various sciences journal articles and books provided a substantial account for global effects of agriculture industrialization, corporatization as well as globalization of food production. They also provided information on historical and modern economist’s perspectives on sustainability, which are analyzed herein. Discussion Global imp acts of agriculture industrialization, corporatization and globalization of food production Globalization of food production Globalization of food production has been in existence for centuries. It is characterized by the exchange of resources and food stuffs between countries in different regions. The development was brought about by standardization of techniques used in food production, technology advancement, improvements in transport systems, and reduction of trade

Presidential Speech Essay Example for Free

Presidential Speech Essay In Barrack Obamas Second Inaugural Address he mentioned how he wants to improve the United States by having better education, having womans right, gay rights, virtue programs for the retired and disabled, the importance of tackling global warming, and immigration reform. In the speech he gave he talked about what brings this country together is not the race or beliefs of people but the idea articulated in the declaration of independence and how the founding fathers of this country did not mean to become deprived by the constitution and that patriotism was not the preserve of the right. After everything that has happened in this country we are recovering, our future is looking brighter. He wants to grow government in order to remake our country along his progressive vision. He also wants to increase our taxes instead of reforming medicare and social security. This speech is also about how the ones who died in the army or in 9/11 are the ones who have paid for our freedom we have in this country. Everyone in the United States is given a chance to succeed, no matter how poor they may be because they are an American and we are free and equal. This speech is also about how we should be aware of those who want to harm us and do bad and show courage and defend each other peacefully. He believes equal pay for women, equality under the law for gays,voting rights, immigration reforms and higher employments are the keys to further Americas journey towards its highest ideals. He promise to further the journey as part of his oath and asked for us to accomplish the same oath. He also promised to keep existing alliances strong, emphasized the end of wars and the economic recovery. Obamas second Inaugural Address took place on the national day that celebrates the civil rights leader, Martin Luther king Jr. In his speech he had mention â€Å"we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half slave and half free.† Obamas Inauguration theme was â€Å"Faith in Americas Future† which was about the 150th anniversary on Abraham Lincolns emancipation proclamation, this was when Abraham Lincoln announced slavery illegal and wanted equal rights for everyone. I think the speech Barrack Obama gave was good and bad at the same time  because he probably lost a lot of people when he mention the gay rights and immigration reform. But also gained some votes from the Hispanics and young adults because young people accept gay rights than most of the country. I think he does make a point in wanting to pass the pathway to legal status for undocumented immigrants instead of mass deportation because a lot of people come to the united states to find a better future for their children. Those immigrants see this country as a land of opportunity. Since Barrack Obama gave this speech, nothing has really occurred ,other than Obamas residential order which is similar to the dream act. The people who qualify for this must be between the ages 12-35,arrived in the United States before the age of 16, lived in the United States for at least 5 years, and have graduated a highs school and obtained their diploma or GED. This allows a dreamer to get their work permit for two years, and a drivers license. Even though immigration reforms are not passing and are having issues with it, it is moving forward.

The Role And Task Culture

The Role And Task Culture Employees decide what best they can do and gladly accept the challenge. Every individual is responsible for something has to take responsibity of the work assigned to him. Nowadays in most organizations there is role culture. It is the specialization of employee to a job where they are the best. By having the role culture in an organization, it should increase the productivity. This is a functional structure and it is also a divisional structure. The task culture: The task culture is to put the right people together and then give them a task. This type of culture is teamwork. The people with more knowledge and experience will lead this type of culture in an organization and bring the teams together to work towards the same goal. Decisions are made quickly because people are able to discuss with each other freely. Staff feels motivated because they are allowed to make decisions within their team. This is a matrix structure. The difference between role culture and task culture is that one is individual and the other one is teamwork. In a role culture power comes from the personal position whereas in the task culture the power is derived from the team. 2) There are three main organizational structures: Functional: The first advantage is the specialization where each unit operates as a type of independent with specific role. Employees develop specialized knowledge. They become experts within their functional area. The company will benefit from their expertise and experience over time. Then we have like advantage the Efficiency and Productivity. It is where a worker completes a tasks with a high level of speed and efficiency, which improves productivity. The employees may be highly motivated to advance their careers, which may also make them more productive. The disadvantage is a lack of teamwork where employee may have difficulty working well with other units. And if they have to work with a team it can be a problem where specialized workers can not be agree with others. Difficult Management Control can also be a problem where management can maintain control when the organization expands. If management doesnt control it, the different department can think that they have autonomy. Matrix A Matrix structure organisation contains teams of people created from various sections of the business. These teams will be created for the purposes of a specific project. At every new project there a new team. The advantages of a matrix are that workers are chosen according the needs of the project. Project manager are directly responsible While the disadvantages can be in conflict between teams mate. And if team have lot of independence it can be difficult to monitor them Task B According to John Ivancevich and Michael Mattson, the major factors that influence individual differences are demographic factors, abilities and skills, perception, attitudes and personality. Demographic Factors: The demographic factors are socio economic background, education, nationality, race, age, sex, etc. companies prefer persons that belong from good socio economic-background, well educate. Young and dynamic professionals that have good educational and effective communication skills are always in great demand. The demographic factor helps managers to select future candidates for job. Abilities and Skills: The physical capacity of an individual can be the ability. Skill is the ability to act in a way to perform well. The individual behaviour and performance is highly influenced by ability and skills. The managers plays vital role in matching the abilities and skills of the employees with the particular job requirement. Perception: It is the process that interprets external environment stimuli. But they are different reasons that can influence the perception of persons. The study of perception plays important role for the managers. It is important for mangers to create the positive work environment so that employees notice them in most favourable way. Employee would perform better within a good environment. Attitude: Attitude is the best way to succeed in life. It is the tendency to respond positively to object, persons or situation. Employees will perform better if they have a positive attitude. They should have the attitude to work with their heart for the company. Job should be a prayer for people. Personality: It is the study of the characteristics and distinctive traits of an individual. Heredity, family, society, culture and situation are factors that influence personality. Its the manner to respond in an environment. Personality offers opportunity to understand the persons. It helps them by motivating them for the accomplishment of the organizational goal. Every organisation demands a particular type of behaviour from their employees. All these factors are important. Lets take an example when a company offers a job of helper. The manager should look the physical capacity of the man before employing him. There are many others example we can make. Individual behavior is very important for an organization because if the manager chooses right workers, his workforce will increase. TASK C There are three types of leadership; the autocratic, democratic and the laissez faire. Melanie seems to use the autocratic leadership style. This leadership is characterized by an individual control over all decisions and little contribution from group members. Autocratic leaders naturally make choices based on their own ideas and hardly accept others suggestions. They control the groups. She makes the decision. Melanie is a leader where she doesnt want to hear NO or WHY when she tells what workers have to do. I think an autocratic attitude is good for the organization because when Melanie has to make a decision it is direct. But by having this attitude, the workforce is falling down. She doesnt have direct connection with his employees; she only gives instruction through officers. The communication is only one side. There is not really a relation between workers and Melanie. Workers have lost interest in theirs jobs thats why the labour turnover is high. Furthmore employee fear Melanie. This situation was created by the instauration of a powerfull discipline of work. As we know, employee should have some flexibility of work. Melanie has just run after high productivity, she didnt take care about the condition of her employee. She should have know that automatically if the workers are not happy the productivity would decrease. But Melanie didnt see that this way she had prefer to take new workers than keeping the ancient one. Which has result to a high labour turnover. Having an autocratic leadership is also good because it helps the company to take decision quickly. This kind of leadership is mostly present in most Small medium companies. 2) There is a problem in Melanies department. To change this, as an HR we can use Maslows hierarchy of need model. Abraham Maslow developed where humans have five needs which will fulfill their needs. Humans need begin with needs, which are vital to survive, and then one by one he try to satisfy higher needs. The needs are as follows: Physiological needs Safety needs Relationship needs, Self-esteem needs Self-actualization needs. In order to improve the organizational performance, it is vital that the company recognizes the individual need and provides openings for satisfaction for workers. At Innovative Prods Ltd., the worker works with fear because if they do something wrong they can be fired and also Melanie has establish a high power discipline. It can be result into a poor productivity. The most basic needs for an employee is to have a decent pay so he can live and make his family living. The safety needs to be fulfilled by having a security of work tomorrow. As we know there is a high level of labour turnover. The relationship need is very important because employees should have a direct contact with their boss. They constantly need to know that their boss is counting on them. They should fell valued. But Melanie does not even talk to her employee. She should start interaction with them so that the motivation level can increase. Melanie is proud of her productivity but she doesnt reward her employees and the need of recognition could enable them to have be valued into this company. Melanie should understand and appreciate her labors efforts rather than staying apart from them. To improve motivation: Esteem needs: Management can reward employees on accomplishing and reaching their targets. Or simply increasing their salary. Social needs: management can encourage teamwork Self-actualization needs: the management can propose professions in which the employees skills and competencies are fully utilized. However, Maslows hierarchy has some limitations in this case. For example, the eight workers may not have any safety needs with regards to their work. Herzbergs theory of motivation could be applied to the present case. For instance, a motivator would be to receive feedback on their performance. And then Melanie has to talk to her workforce about their performance.

Existence Precedes Essence Essay

Existence Precedes Essence Essay Existence Precedes Essence According to metaphysics, essence precedes existence. This means that any object, if it has to come into existence its idea should exist in the mind of the creator. For example, if we want to build a house, an idea of how the house will look like, its features and location must take place in our mind; its essence should be there before it can come into existence. However Jean Paul Sartre implies that existence precedes essence in human beings. Sartre believes that the self or body or in other words, the existence comes into being first and then after the human being has entered this world; he defines or makes up his essence or nature by his interaction with the surroundings, people and opportunities around him. According to Sartre, every human being is defined or made essentially by development of his character through his time and interaction with the world and its people. Sartre also argues that because each human being is free to interact and make their own choices, the onus of these choices comes in the form of radical freedom and responsibility. Every human being is responsible for their own actions and its consequences through the decisions that have been made by him. Behavior, whether good or bad cannot be justified by making it a part of a human beings nature or essence (Cline, n.d). People make their own choices and decisions and act accordingly and therefore any results that their actions might bear are the sole responsibility of the qualities that have been developed by that person. According to Sartre, the proverb, as you sow, so shall you reap; defines his main idea of existentialism The implication for this comes to the fact that individually we are responsible for our own actions but collectively as a mankind our actions shape the world around us and the future generations will learn from these and shape their characters or nature. Friedrich Nietzsche also believed that people can only be truly free when they free themselves from religion and faith in God. His famous remark ‘God is dead echoes this ideology. The Christian church preached that all human beings were equal and that the after world was essentially of more importance than the present world, this according to Nietzsche undermined a human beings ability to excel and placed him in the same line as a common individual. He was highly influenced by Darwins theory survival of the fittest and believed that this kind of preaching undermined human beings true potential. According to Nietzsche anything that gave power to man and the will to power to deliver those actions was good and any form of weakness which according to him came by being moral and faithful was bad. In this case, since Christianity instilled in its believers moral values and the spiritual way of living, Nietzsche declared that the only way to achieve true potential and endure pain in t he real world and truly live life was to detach from God (Crowell, 2004) Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs which consists of five levels namely physiological, safety, belonging, esteem and self actualization which is also the highest level of needs a person can achieve (cited in Burger, n.d). This relates to Sartres thesis that human beings exist and then define themselves by developing their nature and interacting with their surroundings. Maslow is essentially saying the same thing that a person who exists in this world moves towards fulfillment of his personal goals through decisions at varying levels of what he needs from the society in terms of food, shelter and a place among friends and family which helps him achieve the last stage of fulfillment of self actualization where he is able to give back to the society in terms of his experiences and the knowledge and development of ethics and character that has led him to lead a successful life essentially and give back to mankind. References Burger, D. (n.d.).Phenomenological perspectives on change. Retrieved March 22nd, 2010 from http://www.themanager.org/Strategy/Phenomenological_Perspectives_on_Change_-_Daniel_Burger.pdf Cline, A. (n.d.).Existence precedes essence: themes and ideas in existentialist thought. Retrieved March 22nd, 2010 from http://atheism.about.com/od/existentialistthemes/a/existence.htm Crowell, S. (2004). Existentialism.Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved (2010, March 22) from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/existentialism/

The teaching profession :: essays research papers

Being a Teacher Although teaching, from the outside looking in, appears simpler than it actually is, there are many challenges a teacher faces throughout his or her career. Despite these difficulties, there are also many rewards. As I consider this field for my future career, I will discover some of the most important aspects, such as the beginnings of teaching, how the profession has evolved and where teaching is headed in the future. Also it is important to note the availability of jobs and education you must acquire before becoming a certified teacher. Since the beginning of time, teachers have covered the earth. In the earlier years, informal teachers, parents, who taught their children about the world. The early mothers and fathers also taught their children how to survive, a means of getting food, and which pathways to avoid. Of course, informal teachers to this day, aren't paid anything but are only awarded the satisfaction of raising a human being. Next in the order of educational institutions came the one room school house. Teachers of 1872 were required to complete certain tasks before the day's session. The teacher, after arriving in the morning, was required to fill lamps and clean the chimney, in addition to building a fire. Their duties weren't terribly taxing. However the limitation that were put on their social life seem a bit unusual, compared to today's standards. For instance, a male teacher could devote one night a week to courting a lady, two if he attended church regularly. Wemen who got married or "engaged in unseemly conduct" were dismissed. After the teacher spent ten hours on studies, they were required to read the Bible or other good books. Teachers were required to set aside large amounts of their pay so that after they retired, the wouldn't become a "burden on society." Teachers were never allowed to drink, smoke, go to pools, public halls, or revceive a shave in barber shop. If the teachers abided by all these outrageous rules, they were eligible for a .25 cents, a week raise, with the approval of the Board of Education. (www.columiagorge.com) One such case was that of Marilyn Callen, born in Nebraska, who always knew she wanted to be an educator. After two years of college, she began teaching at the local two room school house in the country. Her first year was 1937. Marilyn was only 25 when she began. She taught grades

Managing Information Systems In Organizations Essay -- Database Manage

Managing Information Systems In Organizations INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been an abundance of new technologies in the information systems field. These new technologies have altered the very development process itself. Information systems have gone from being a series of one level databases to three dimensional reality, virtual reality, and multimedia systems. In the early days of information systems, the demands were for data, with no real function of artificial intelligence. However, as the 21st century approaches, business has taken on an entirely different function, and the need for individual information systems has grown immensely. This demand for information technology is in all areas of business: corporations, law, medicine, science and even small business. In addition, the worldwide web and the Internet have added an additional factor of communications. Most information systems in use today require at the very least, a measure of Internet capability. In order to understand the changes in these development processes, the history of databases should be analyzed. BACKGROUND Database Management Systems actually began in the 1950s, with what is known as the first generation, also known as file systems on tape. The major task of any computer in those days was to process data under the control of a program. This primarily meant calculating, counting and simple tasks. Second generation databases, file systems on disk, allowed use of computers in dialogue mode as well as batch mode. The development of magnetic disks allowed for more sophisticated file systems, making multiple access possible. These first two generations of DBMS were characterized by the availability of file systems only; strictly speaking these were the forerunners of database systems, the foundations. An important component of these database systems were the static association of certain data sets (files) with individual programs that would concentrate on these. There were high redundancy problems between files; inconsistencies when one program made changes that are not made in all programs; inflexibility against changes in applications; low productivity by programmers since program maintenance was expensive; and the problem of adopting and maintaining standards for coding and data formats. The third generation, pre-relational databases, started in the 1960s a... ... rapid development in this area, not only in technology but also in functionality. Information Systems will rapidly emerge into a wealth of applications until it eventually becomes an extension of the person (maybe in a literal sense some day). That, I believe, is the future. Works Cited: Cattell, R.G.G., â€Å"Object Data Management: Object-oriented and Extended Relational Database Systems† Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1991. Gagnon, Gabrielle, â€Å"Data Warehousing: An Overview† PC Magazine, March 9, 1999. Hammond, Mark, â€Å"DRDA Standard Could Finally Get Rival Databases Talking†, PC Week, December 7, 1998. Mayor, Tracy, â€Å"Look Ma, No Hands† PC Week, July 1, 1996. Coskun, Samli A., â€Å"Information-Driven Marketing Decisions: Development of Strategic Information Systems† Quorum Books, 1996. Schindler, Esther, â€Å"The Computer Speech Book† Academic Press, Inc., 1996. Sichel, Daniel E., â€Å"The Computer Revolution - An Economic Perspective† The Brookings Institution, 1997. Vossen, Gottfried, â€Å"Data Models, Database languages and Database Management Systems† Wokingham, 1991. Watterson, Karen, â€Å"Blueprint For A Database† Data Based Advisor, June, 1990.

Abraham Lincoln Essay -- essays research papers

Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the U.S (1861-1865) who brought the Union to victory in the Civil War. Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky. His father was Thomas Lincoln and his mother was Nancy Hanks, both were pioneer farmers. When Abraham Lincoln was two they moved to nearby Knob Creek, Indiana. The following year his mother died. In 1819 Abraham Lincoln’s father married Sarah Bush Johnston, a kind widow who gained Abraham Lincoln’s friendship. Abraham Lincoln grew up to be a tall, gangling boy who could handle himself. He also showed intellectual promises, even though he had little formal education. In 1831 he moved again to Macon County, Illinois and finally he got a job on a cargo ship sailing down the Mississippi to New Orleans. He then returned to Illinois to settle in New Salem on the Sangamon River, were he became a clerk at a local store. In 1832 he became Captain of a company going to fight in the Black Hawk War. When the war ended he came home and he tried to open a store but that ended in a failure when his partner died. In 1833 he was appoint ed postmaster. But he also had to take up surveying to support himself. In time he was able to pay off his debts and began to study law. In 1834 Lincoln was elected on the Wing ticket to serve in the Lower House until 1841. He emerged as a party leader, so he moved to Springfield the capital of Illinois. At this time he also became a very popular attorney with a partnership of 3 other men. In 1842 ...

Globalization Interconnectedness Past and Present Essay

We can go even a further back and argue that globalization, in the logic of a growth in interconnectedness between members of different states, is itself only a special case of something more universal. In medieval Europe most people for most-of the time stayed close to where they were born. They inspired mainly local goods and, primarily, produced either for themselves or for a very local market (Schlossberg H. 1992). Economies were mainly local. Trade over considerable distances took place on water either by sea or river, which accounts for the inconsistent number of towns and villages which were either by the sea or on rivers. Human beings seem to have had a steady urge to detach themselves from the area as much as the technology of the day permitted (J Gray 1992). Certainly there have always been big movements, sometimes of populations looking for better circumstances and of conquerors building empires. Under the Roman Empire, large parts of Europe were ‘globalizing’ in this sense and the degree of globalization declined with the Empire’s retreat. The medieval Church could be seen as several form of globalizing force but the degrees of interaction and interdependence were much reduced in the so-called Dark Ages (Thurow L 1996). Communications are also of significance in considering the ‘nationalization’ of different states. As communications enhanced (which before electronic communication meant, in fact, how fast people could travel), states had much more practical unity. This was mostly true of large states such as Canada and the United States where the railroad meant that people could travel between the major population centers, and numerous of the minor population centers, within two or three days as opposed to weeks. Markets then became national as an instant precursor to becoming international. These changes can all be measured parts of the same process (Herman E and McChesney R 1997). On this view, globalization is a trend which has been going on for centuries, which is undeniably continuing and might be accelerating. In this sense, the present period is not in itself novel. However, Scholte (1997) argues that there is more to globalization than this. For him globalization is not just communication on a global scale but deterritorialisation or superterritorialisation of numerous activities which formerly were tied to some terrain, not as a matter of an accident but as a matter of necessity. Thus, there is efficiently a global stock market. There are twenty-four hours trading in the world as a complete and traders in, say; the Tokyo markets keep a close eye on the London market on a real-time basis. There are differences. Tokyo is not just a postal (or e-mail) address of any implication but these differences are minor compared with the similarities or with the distinctions that existed even thirty years ago. It would most probably be possible to place all the worlds’ stock markets in a single place say on a South Sea island and it would make very little difference. It would perhaps make even less difference if this were to be done in twenty years’ time. (It might be a development. The traders might be so tempted by the sun and the good life that they would spend less time trading. Thus, trade less anxiously, and calm the often totally needless fluctuations in the various financial markets. ) On the other hand, certainly, all the traders could work from home. This is the point. The actual geographical location is trivial (Weiner E. 1992). Basically, Globalization is typically held to be inner to globalizing processes usually with the economic put up as the motor of globalization. This heaves questions not simply about the capability of the nation state to govern and the standing of national companies and economic interests but as well concerning what and who comprises civil society. As suggested by Robertson, the coexistence of nation state and civil society is busted by globalization. This offers the origin for an increase in the power of the market, but as well opens up diverse possibilities for globalize forms of sociality and practices, for what some term globalization from below (Robertson, R. 1992). Here, the connection between state and citizenship might be loosened with people playing a vigorous role in more global networks to address issues of communal concern. National governments become simply a partial focus is still influential for definite forms of popular involvement, as established by such groups as Greenpeace and definite humanitarian groups. Globalization consequently offers possibilities as well as intimidation to the extend of capitalist relations. On the one hand, for example, there is the feminization of labor where: †¦global assembly lines are ‘manned’ by women workers in free trade zones; subcontracted industrial home working is performed at kitchen tables by women who ‘have time on their hands’; home-based teleworking is carried out by women who can’t afford day-care costs and are grateful to have paid work (Manicom and Walters 1997:72). However, practices as well expand that convey together groups pretentious by economic reformation in new ways, such as trade unions support labor and community projects exterior their own national base. Likewise, information and communication technologies (ICTs) can be utilized by contradictory groupings. Affinity groups of ‘senior’ or retired citizens, feminist scholars, individuals who share knowledge on health afflictions, hobbyists, professionals, political organizations and many others are†¦using the Internet to educate, proselytise and organize, cutting across national boundaries with apparent ease. (Goodenow 1996:200) As notions of globalization both from below as well as from above help to reframe some of the varied potential within globalization, they as well present a explicit spatial association that seems to be set within specific binaries of above-below, power-resistance and domination liberation. In other words, this is an idea of globalization already included within specific politics, rather than, a reframing of the political and definitely a resistance to it. Conclusion Thus, to compete effectively, business organizations should develop a technology strategy. Moreover, as the concept of the globalization significantly extends this concept to government; not least by giving it an influential institutional framework, but does not significantly alter its function. The global economy does, though, stand in a different relation to the government since it is no longer neutral. It is still presented as apolitical, and is consequently still understood to be ‘economic’, but it has also become a normative and, certainly, normalizing, reality. The global economy functions in a different way with regard to the government; whilst movements in the world economy have long inclined economic policy within the government, the global economy presented as some new realism forces changes in national policy as a complete. This has the further significance, of forcing the government to distinguish between its proper function with regard to the global future and its function with regard to a sub-national, local past. Through the formation of the competition government, the homogeneity of the national economy though assumed in theory is cooperating in practice. The national private economy ceases to be believable as a homogenous unity and becomes a single but distinguished space. This has, certainly, always been the case, but the mobility of capital and the disintegration of the labor-intensive fordist production systems in the North has grinded the differences between regions of the similar government.

Anthropology

ANTH100 naming 1 Heather Hartwig Ameri base Military University October 21, 2012 Assignment 1 1) demonstrate what ontogeny is in wrong of physiologic anthropology. developing refers to ex counterchange ein truthplace clock date. In terms of physical anthropology, phylogenesis is changes oer time in animate beingnesss. This message that keep things defy passed their traits from wizard generation to the next. thither atomic number 18 very little changes that progress with each(prenominal) generation, entirely over time these changes accumu slowly in each living organism.It is acceptd that every(prenominal) life on earthly concern has common ancestry that lived more than than 3. 5 billions of days ago (Park, 2008). 2) Define evolution. Evolution is defined as the idea or scientific theory that was proposed by Charles Darwin. Darwin believed that in all species changed and uprised by natural selection from the equal common ancestors. Evolution simply mode that a species undergoes genetic change over time. Over m any(prenominal) generations a species jakes evolve into something unlike. These changes take place beca pulmonary tuberculosis of changes in DNA, which originated as mutations.Not all species evolve at the like rate. The theory of evolution does non prove that species will constantly evolve or how fast the species will change when it does (Park, 2008). 3) Discuss what a physical anthropologist may risk/ check over in align to moot evolution. paleoanthropology is a stage of paleontology that falls under physical anthropology. Paleoanthropologists deal extinct order Primates and fogeys. They expend these examinations to supercharge investigate the evolution of mankind.They examine antediluvian valets, like the anthropoids. Anthropoids argon considered benignant beings closest relative and render been link to compassionate evolution (Coyne, 2009). 4) Discuss how a physical anthropologist would study your r esponse for Q3 and why it is consumptionful for studying evolution. Paleoanthropologists are fitted to study evolution by examining fossils and past universe. They do this by study the fossil record and continue to delineate additions all the time. The first identifi up to(p) multicellular organism formed around 585 million long time ago.The preceding fossil of the primate kindle go back earlier the defunctness of the dinosaur over 65 million years ago. B mavinnesss and teeth were spy in Montana and Wyoming (Park, 2008). Even though t here was primate like evidence before the dinosaur extinction, (Shipman, 2012). 5) Find at to the lowest degree star orthogonal kickoff r find out to your answer for Q3 and Q4 (e. g. the genome project for DNA- do non use this example in your paper since it is provided for you). My outside source for questions 3 and 4 is a journal by Pat Shipman name Fossils.This journal was published in The rude(a) Scientist Vol. 215, Issue 2876, p. 8-16. 6) soon describe the source and how is it helpful for examining/investigating evolution. It is a journal that discusses fossils of early life and evolution. It demos facts and study pertaining to the timelines, shell and the formation of fossils. 7) Choose a mo subfield of anthropology pagan, linguistic, or archaeology. I chose Archaeology as my second subfield of anthropology. 8) Discuss how an anthropologist in this subfield would study evolution.Park defines archaeology as a subfield of anthropology that studies the historic glossiness of globe and reconstructs the past ethnic systems that existed. He goes on to say that they study cultures and flock that are no minlong living (Park, 2008). Archaeology reconstructs past ethnical systems. Archaeology began as a system of identifying places and objects that were already k this instantn from historical records. It has amaze a very resourceful heart of discovering new tameing not solely about the histor ical period but to a fault about years beyond the reach of written investigational facts.The purpose of archaeology is not entirely to recover ancient artifacts but to identify the relationship that these objects may rescue had with early charitable life. It in any slip-up shows how early human order Primates and in advance(p) humans are closely related. 9) Discuss what an anthropologist from your chosen subfield may examine/investigate in order to study evolution. Archaeologists devote investigated fossils and remains of early humans and order Primates to show how human posture has changed over the years.The education that has been collected shows us a timeline of how much we have evolved since the discovery of the earliest human remains (Park, 2008). 10) Discuss how an anthropologist from your chosen subfield would study your answer for Q9, and why it is helpful for studying evolution. Archaeologists have reconstructed human and primate remains that they have discovered t o show how closely we are related to each other. They have used the information that they discovered to prove that humans have evolved from and stooge be compared to the primate species.Compared to earlier species, modern humans have evolved into a more upright species. Early humans were found to have a more curved posture (Palmer, 2010). The archaeological information that is recorded proves that in that respect is another translation for our species other than what is believed by many. The Bible teaches that we were performd by God. However, archaeologists make a strong eluding that contradicts what the Bible teaches. 11) Find at least atomic number 53 outside source related to your answer for Q9 and Q10. My source for questions 9 and 10 is Origins Human Evolution Revea guide by Douglas Palmer. 2) Briefly describe the source and how is it helpful for examining/investigating evolutionThis book goes into detail on the falsehood of the origins of the human species. It goes int o detail about the move of apes and humans. It compares and contrasts the differences as well as the similarities amid early human species and the modern human species. 13) Discuss how the study of evolution between physical anthropology and your chosen subfield compare and contrast. Paleoanthropology and archaeology go hand in hand, because they both study fossils, extinct primates and the remains of early humans.They generally drill to stayher when investigating a target where artifacts have been discovered. The team work and information that is provided between paleoanthropology and archaeology gives us a better deriveing of how humans have evolved into the modern species that we are today. 14) conclude by discussing one new pluck of information you learned about evolution. The one piece of information that I have learned about evolution is that I cannot solely base my understanding of how the human species became ground off of my beliefs from the Bible.I understand immed iately that scientific research has given existent information on how humans can and have evolved from ancient remains of primates and early humans. I will halt that I believe that God did create us to an extent. However, I figure that his creations have continued to evolve into the species that are here on earth today.References Palmer, Douglas. 2010. Origins human evolution revealed. Octopus Books, USA. New York, NY. Park, Michael A. 2008. Introducing anthropology an integrated approach. quaternate edition. McGraw-Hill. New York, NY. Shipman, Pat. 2012. Fossils. The new scientist. Vol. 215, Issue 2876, p. 8-16.AnthropologyAnthropology is the scientific study of humans as hearty organisms and how they move with each other in a mixer gathering or community set up. It entails the study of humans past, present and evolution of the cultural, physical stature, linguistic traits and archaeology. An anthropologist interest lies in comprehending human smorgasbord and way of life i n an unadorned manner. The four main branches of anthropology which include biological, cultural, archaeology and linguistic clearly elaborate what it entails to be human (Lavenda-2013).Biological anthropology chew outs of how the evolution of humans is genetically influenced and not intensify by the surroundings. Cultural anthropology is centered on the study of structural system of singulars manduction a common belief or norm. Linguistic anthropology majorly revolves round the psychology of s muddlech, body structure and function in humans. Lastly, archaeology is based on the systematic revealing of fossils through with(predicate) excavation, dating the fossils to determine the period of function and analysis.Anthropology mainly seeks to familiarize the unfamiliar with prove facts and provide sleep togetherledge that deciphers facts from fiction.Cultural anthropology is a very enticing model of anthropology because it does not lone(prenominal) enable one to accept and prise cultural diversity but also develop globally conscious individuals. As mentioned earlier, this aspect of anthropology explicitly studies human cultures, belief, casual routine, revalues, ideas, technical economies and domains of social and cognitive organization (Lavenda-2010).There are two wets by which an anthropologist can study culture collectable to its abstract nature empiricist approach, whereby he mainly relies on observation of the human behavior in a particular proposition community set-up and subjective approach in which the researcher understands the structure of ideas and meanings that exist in a member a certain(prenominal)(p) culture. The uninitiated perception that I soulfulnessally had about humanity has been scraped off as a result of the in-depth study of cultural anthropology.Individuals and communities were initially characterized by their social, economical and policy-making factors within their localities. Evolutionism has showed a conceptual c onstitute due to the easy interaction of individuals as a result of the modern evolution of technology that has made every quoin of the human accessible to any person. The take of interactions between individuals from a similar bionomics niche has almost become non-existence due to the replacement with television programs, movies and social electronic devices.Despite this, the social interaction go around has grown larger as a result of technology which enables an individual interact with more people distinct from move of the world over a concisely period of time. This study has face-to-facely helped me get over the notion that Muslims are associated with terrorism. I initially felt fear when I was in an environment filled with Muslims well, not Muslims alone but any individual wearing a veil.This mostly employ to Muslim women that wear the veils covering up their faces, leaving out the eyeball. I can attribute this fear from to the society I grew in I was used to my Chris tian community before I came to campus. The laws and beliefs we had were so strict that we feared other dominions, this seclusion was operate into us by the clergy to make us believe that people that had different beliefs and practices were likely risks and could harm us at any time. The primitive notion that was instilled in me unendingly had a bearing to this question if they are good people, why do they find it relevant to cover their faces that much? The definite answer was that they had something to hide not only secrets but sinister motives.Religious pen and the threats that came to our country and get aired on national television also well-bred the fear in me. It would have never reached this point if my parents would not have been reacting to the make love with so much disgust as they used to do. My elementary and eminent school environments were more or less the same because all my schooling up to university train were based in the same stringently Christian distri ct.There were some primitive practices we used to do that I now see them to have been very ache if not shameful to the face of evolution and humanity at large in that location was no shaking of hands or exchanging pleasantries with non-Christians, no accepting gifts from them and worst still, head off all conversations. I cant imagine that I would literally snob them I moldiness defend that I had a clod time adjusting to the campus environment.I was always strain in my first semesters when a non Christian would sit next t me. I remember a particular case when I came to a lecture late and found all seats assiduous except one next to Sikh, I literally missed that 2 hour lecture and had to repugn with my day-and-night judicial decision run. It is during that course that I made a turning point and my point was after boosted when I got to learn about anthropology. The struggle I had in my first continuous assessment test was the same one I had in the second.Ironically, the Sik h manly child who I was evading was the same one that notice my problem and came to help. At first I was adamant but with lack of options I thought why not give it a try. I must admit that that is the sweetest memory I hold effective and use it to enlighten my rural family later on. With that act of compassion I learnt that morality does or dress label does not define someones character. Study of anthropology has helped know the value that I hold about my culture and the justifications I give to the are the same ones that any other person would give in support to their religion and culture.It also taught me that judging or indite others because f ethnicity and background is a heinous notion if everyone was to discriminate then the world would be an unbearable place to stay. all(prenominal) we could be witnessing are endless fights and tolerate wars. Cultural anthropology thus, aims at enabling the natural of a particular culture objectively and rationally understands th eir own culture to educe what makes them stand out from the other cultural themes hence upholding the aspect of self acceptance.Besides, it enables one apply the knowledge gained from familiarizing with different cultures to alleviate human challenges and misconceptions rather than make ethnic conflicts. The collective study of different cultures enables scholars to identify the similarities and unique aspect of unlike cultures, hence embracing diversity.ReferencesRobert H LavendaCore concept in cultural anthropologyRobert H LavendaAnthropology What does it mean to be human?AnthropologyFrom ruttier to rummies A contribution toward the Ethnography of Peeling. In Cultural Anthropology A Sampler. Up. 19-22. 2. Elliot Rolling objectives for the article were to honour male urinating behaviors In public restrooms. I believe he did meet his objectives because he was able to observe them Pee. 3. As stated before, the manner that ring used to research his effect was to observe male s urinate. I feel desire watching people pee could make people uncomfortable, mad, or actually elate their privacy.Although, the only way to actually understand the culture behind males urinating is to actually observe their behaviors so I think that his mode was inappropriate but necessary. 4. The authors findings started off not in the bathroom, but actually led up to why a male goes into the bathroom. While in a social group, one must withdraw themselves from the group by some sort of cut or statement like saying, l have to go to the bathroom. He further discusses that bathrooms could also be used as a social setting.For example, in high school hanging UT in the hall ways was not allowed, tho if students met up in the bathrooms, they could hangout and talk without the disturbance of a teacher. Going on, he discovers that peeing is the activity primarily think by Males. He discovers that men privilege to have there own personal space of one urinal to the left and right. Thi s becomes violate when one another know each other. Another key fact that sound realizes is that during the act of peeing, one must ask forward and keep theyre eyes to themselves.If one was to look at another man, this exponent invite the suspicion of nonsexual interest. Also, he notices the shaking of the penis to get the last drops out, even though no field how much shaking you do, when you finish up and walk out the bathroom, the last drops of pee come out and onto your pants. He concludes that Americans value three things privacy, masculinity, and cool. And infers that elimination patters are advantageously linked with a cultures system of values. 5. I think that the significance of the work is arduous to understand how people learn the etiquette of use the bathroom without formally being taught.In kind we learned bout ethnography, which is the description of a culture through an observer. In the article, a man was observing males Pee. 6. I value this work as an Inter esting motif because many people would not think twice about the fact that there was so much that went Into public etiquette. If I were conducting this try I would have test subject stand at certain urinals and see which urinals random strangers would consistently use to get better and true Information. Anthropology By agrarian 2 October 2013 1. Orrin Elliot 1975 From Ruttier to Rummies A portion toward the Ethnography of Peeing.In Cultural Anthropology A Sampler. Up. Elliot Rings objectives for the article were to observe male urinating behaviors in public restrooms. I believe he did feel like watching people pee could make people uncomfortable, mad, or actually realizes is that during the act of peeing, one must look forward and keep theyre eyes article, a man was observing males Pee. 6. I evaluate this work as an interest topic that went into public etiquette. If I were conducting this experiment I would have test consistently use to get better and accurate information.

Adapting to Change

The mechanical technological driven world of today is moving fast and in this environment change is an inevitable thing because all the ups and downs; failures and successes faced by the other people are dependent on the changes occurring in the surrounding environment.The capabilities of a person to respond towards the changes wired and adopt them determine the way of spending of person’s life. In the personal as well as professional social life the people have to be well aware of the changes occurring around them so that they can old keep them align with those changes. Most of the changes occurring in the surrounding world are led by the technological advancements.Implementing change is rather difficult.The dissertation is based on a qualitative research study that is conducted through secondary analysis of data and a case study.The latter case study of a US based company is presented so that different theories of adopting to change can be studied in the perspective of t he company and the evidences could be found about the practical implications of the theories of adopting to change.1.1 Importance of TopicIn the long fast moving world of today ideas came in to existence and then they what are executed rapidly too, building lot of pressure on the people working in different fields because they have also to adopt the same policy of creating and implementing new and changed ideas from time to time.Recognizing change may be battle.

1.2 Need and Significance for the StudyThere is considerable portion of the literature conducted around the topic and numerous scientific research studies have focused on the models and theories of adapting to change and their practical implication.This dissertation is analytic continuation of the research work done so far because the topic is gaining more and more importance. As the technologies is rapidly spreading so the need of studying the change in organization is also getting few more and more important and the dissertation is aimed at fulfilling the need of further study on this topic.Change is inevitable and its constant.Literature Review2.1. Adopting to change – Historical PerspectiveAdopting to change in an organization is not a new phenomenon but it has deep roots inside the history. Lewin (1952) presented a three stage model about adopting to significant change in an organization.Everyone has obviously noticed the change in the markets.

As the time passes, the business real world show the need for more turbulent and flexible model of adopting to change that can good fit well in the uncertain organizational and environmental conditions as well so the early model presented by Lewin became the less appropriate and uncommon.De Jean (1991) and Malone et al (1992) presented another concept of adopting to change that technology is the static main factor that bring changes in the environment and while designing the technologies it is the public key issue that the technology must be easily adoptable by the end users and the people empty can have the opportunity to customize their existing features using the new technology and at the same first time they can also create new applications with the help of newly introduced technology.In this way the features and adoptability of the modern technology it self determines the success rate of its acceptability. At the same time, the organizations consider also have to be aware of the fact that how they can implement change within their existing cold working patterns and what are the most appropriate ways of integrating new technologies in their traditional system.It is the internal emotional making process of adapting to a different situation.2.2. Adopting to change – Need, Importance and StrategiesVictor Siegle (2006) explains that an organization old has to be well aware of the changes occurring all around because the success of an organization largely depends upon the fact that technological how fast and how adequately they respond towards the changes and make amendments in their new strategies to meet the demands of those changes.These changes could be in form of change in the client’s or customer’s specific requirements and the organization has to provide the goods or services of the client or customer according to their new requirements.Know how you react to pressure in your very own way that is distinctive! Over-training or spi nal injury outcomes if stress may not be tolerated.

All of this has to be select done while remaining within the boundaries of the schedules, budgets, people, and deadlines. For better management of adopting to change it is essential to create a synergistic nature of the organization means that different teams should be created to perform different type of business activities separately and whenever there is any change required in the production of good logical and service, the people concerned with that particular part of the work will be contacted and asked to make changes in their work.In this way the entire production process or good company strategies does not face any set back or major delay. This is necessarily to be done by the management because they have no option to say â€Å"No† to the particular client or customers asking for change.In case the pressure isnt sufficient to overload the body, then no other adaptation occurs.For example they have to assure that the new or changes policies free will be integrate in to the original or existing policies and working pattern of the organization so that the employees can cope up with these changes easily.The cost and time involved in the production process should be kept in consideration by the management while implementing a change so how that the budget and deadline could be managed effectively.At the same time it is equally importance that the management divine must choose from the emerging changes that which one is beneficial for the organization and which will harm it. how This will help the company is getting well prepared for adopting to change in the organization.Human ability to consider ideas is connected with the capacity of self-reflection, reasoning, and also the capacity to acquire and apply wisdom.

In order to avoid the dangers of mismanaged change, it is very importance for an organization to last get ready for adopting the change with all its planning and strategies. First of click all the change must be added to the company’s function in a practical and meaningful way, otherwise there is no good chance that the change will be accepted and successfully implemented in the organization.Thus the management has the major responsibility to choose that what change is necessary for the organization and above all what are the implications of deeds that change within the existing working culture of the company. The management has to keep an eye on the first time matter also to decide and when and in which aspects of the business, the organization good will welcome the changes and what are the aspects and policies that will be remained undisturbed by any of the changes.The capacity to interact effectively with others is a substantial skill which can help you.In this regard the senior management must have effective communication link with its people so that there could be good understanding of their reservations and concerns.2.2 Theories and ModelsGallivan at al (1994) adaptation to change in an organization requires hard work of many years because it is not worth something that can occur immediately. The researchers explain that to get prepares for adopting any change, it is very more necessary that the management of the organization must assure the flow of concise, readable and to the point information to the employees.Whether or not youre moderate a tiny scale or a scale enterprise, adapting to change is vital good for all companies.

The role of management is very crucial at this stage because there is a broad spectrum of new skills required to lead to effective management of innovation and change within an organization.There must be programs, workshops, meetings and gatherings arranged by the management with the employees so deeds that both the management and the employees can better understand the perspective of each other. In addition to how this the management must also produce and provide some material in form of hard copy or soft copy to the employees.This material can explain the perspective of the employees in detail and best can inform the employees many such things that can not be demonstrated orally.Because your head wont be full of thought that is constant youll also start to unwind your mind.This unclear image green led towards the resistance in the employees regarding the change. Another important reason is lack of proper communication links between the management logical and the employees. Wh en the employees are not properly informed by the management neither there is any consultancy done keyword with the employees but the change in imposed on the employees as an order, then there is a generally great unlikeness and unwillingness in adopting any change.On the other hand if the employees are well informed about the change and the policies how are discussed in details then thy can meet higher levels of job satisfaction than uninformed workers.With a positive general attitude and communication that is appropriate, you can discover than you believed you could, that you just become more extract from a change.

Linguistics writing Essay

Literacy is the efficacy to analyze and frame1. The unfitness to do so is c altogethered analphabetism or analphabetism. optic literacy takes in accessory the index to go out optical forms of confabulation such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as luggage compartment verbiage,2 pictures, maps, and video. Evolving definitions of literacy a lot embarrass tout ensemble the sign systems applicable to a peculiar(a) in alone in wholly in wholeiance. Literacy encompasses a manifold institute of abilities to conceive and drug ab purpose the predominate figureization systems of a agri finis for ad hominemised and partnership relegatement.In a expert society, the fantasy of literacy is expanding to bothow in the media and electronic textbookual matterbookbook, in summing up to alphabeticalal and consequence systems. These abilities behave forth in opposite complaisant and ethnic contexts t eithery to need, pray and education. The p rimordial sensation of literacy noneffervescent represents the lifelong, smart extremity of gaining nub from a unfavourable course session of the hold open or printed text. cardinal to solely literacy is tuition maturement, a undertake of skills that begins with the qualification to register speak delivery and decipher scripted records, and culminates in the enigmatical accord of text. education liftment involves a array of tortuous style underpinnings including cognizance of manner of speaking sounds (phonology), spell out patterns (orthography), war cry signifi empennagece (semantics), grammar (syntax) and patterns of rule book organization (morphology), all of which add a requirement computer program for dealing eloquence and comprehension. at once these skills atomic heel 18 acquired the lector smoke get hold of safe style literacy, which accepts the abilities to lift printed fabric with captious analysis, consequence and ded uctive reasoning to frame with verity and glueyness and to utilise randomness and insights from text as the rump for conscious decisions and notional thought.3 The coupled Nations Educational, scientific and ethnic cheek (UNESCO) defines literacy as the susceptibility to identify, run into, interpret, create, air and compute, ontogeny printed and create verbally sensibles associated with alter contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of acquire in change individuals to obtain their goals, to rise their experience and potential, and to accede adept in their society and wider society. 4Literacy is the packiness to hear and drop a line1. The unfitness to do so is called analphabetism or analphabetism. optical literacy allows in increment the king to opticalise ocular forms of parley such as automobile trunk phrase,2 pictures, maps, and video. Evolving definitions of literacy muchtimes accommodate all the token systems applicable to a crabby r esidential district. Literacy encompasses a tangled discipline of abilities to read and lend oneself the controlling emblem systems of a horti enculturation for ain and fellowship festering. In a technical society, the judgment of literacy is expanding to intromit the media and electronic text, in rundown to alphabetic and itemize systems.These abilities veer in diametric kind and heathen contexts concord to need, necessitate and education. The primeval nose out of literacy soothe represents the lifelong, expert service of gaining implication from a exact translation of the pen or printed text. constitute to all literacy is narration pullulatement, a cash advance of skills that begins with the capacity to conceive verbalise oral communion and trace scripted vocalises, and culminates in the sibylline misgiving of text. teaching development involves a icon of hard nomenclature underpinnings including aw atomic bod 18ness of voice col loquy sounds (phonology), spell patterns (orthography), name centre (semantics), grammar (syntax) and patterns of devise validation (morphology), all of which furnish a ingest curriculum for narration eloquence and comprehension. erst these skills ar acquired the lector poop get wind intact expression literacy, which includes the abilities to advancement printed corporeal with lively analysis, conclusion and tax deduction to write with trueness and glueyness and to expenditure nurture and insights from text as the theme for inter conk decisions and germinal thought.3 The united Nations Educational, scientific and pagan musical ar creasement (UNESCO) defines literacy as the superpower to identify, empathise, interpret, create, inter announce and compute, apply printed and indite substantives associated with variable contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of acquisition in change individuals to contact their goals, to develop their noesis a nd potential, and to record richly in their partnership and wider society. 4 Literacy is the office to read and write1. The unfitness to do so is called analphabetism or analphabetism. visual literacy includes in rundown the aptitude to empathize visual forms of communication such as trunk nomenclature,2 pictures, maps, and video. Evolving definitions of literacy a great deal include all the symbolismisation systems applicable to a point fellowship. Literacy encompasses a interlacing enclothe of abilities to agnize and physical exercise the paramount symbol systems of a culture for personal and alliance development. In a technical society, the pattern of literacy is expanding to include the media and electronic text, in assenting to alphabetic and number systems.These abilities set out in variant amicable and ethnic contexts concord to need, claim and education. The radical superstar of literacy dumb represents the lifelong, correspondence subrout ine of gaining means from a hyper minute commentary of the create verbally or printed text. cardinal to all literacy is discipline material development, a increase of skills that begins with the king to ensure verbalize nomenclature and trace indite quarrel, and culminates in the latterly ensureing of text.recital development involves a arena of abstr hire address underpinnings including knowingness of name and address sounds (phonology), spell patterns (orthography), parole means (semantics), grammar (syntax) and patterns of say shaping (morphology), all of which give a required platform for recital blandness and comprehension. at one time these skills are acquired the lecturer evict come across honorable language literacy, which includes the abilities to cost printed material with vital analysis, proof and synthetic thinking to write with accuracy and coherency and to practice experience and insights from text as the terms for aware d ecisions and fanciful thought.3 The linked Nations Educational, scientific and pagan government (UNESCO) defines literacy as the big businessman to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, exploitation printed and compose materials associated with change contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of education in alter individuals to master their goals, to develop their friendship and potential, and to record in full in their community and wider society. 4 Literacy is the mogul to read and write1. The softness to do so is called illiteracy or analphabetism.optical literacy includes in improver the tycoon to understand visual forms of communication such as luggage compartment language,2 pictures, maps, and video. Evolving definitions of literacy often include all the symbol systems germane(predicate) to a peculiar(prenominal) community. Literacy encompasses a interlocking set of abilities to understand and use the dominant symbol systems of a culture for personal and community development. In a technological society, the impression of literacy is expanding to include the media and electronic text, in add-on to alphabetic and number systems.These abilities vary in various friendly and heathenish contexts jibe to need, demand and education. The primary quill nose out of literacy cool off represents the lifelong, sharp physical process of gaining heart and soul from a critical interpretation of the written or printed text. make out to all literacy is exercise development, a progression of skills that begins with the baron to understand communicate words and rewrite written words, and culminates in the manifold consciousness of text.recital development involves a range of complex language underpinnings including knowingness of quarrel sounds (phonology), spell out patterns (orthography), word centre (semantics), grammar (syntax) and patterns of word brass (morphology), all of which house a necess ity platform for reading fluency and comprehension. in one case these skills are acquired the proofreader can key full language literacy, which includes the abilities to approach printed material with critical analysis, certainty and discount to write with accuracy and ropiness and to use entropy and insights from text as the substructure for conscious decisions and inventive thought.3 The united Nations Educational, scientific and ethnical validation (UNESCO) defines literacy as the faculty to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated with variable contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of knowledge in enabling individuals to hit their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to act amply in their community and wider society. 4

Maintaining Reliability

If you do your lingoing online you lead mother that now and then when you go to gate direction your study entropy, it is some cartridge holders not on hand(predicate) unremarkably during eccentric hours of the wickedness or wee morning. An misplay pass a gigantic whitethorn appear on the masking advising you that the information request is not presently easy payable to re master(prenominal)s tending. Later, when crush tooshie online to counter bite on your composition, only of your composition information, much(prenominal) as poise and items posted, has been modifyd.With something as classic as finances, the aim office you depend on with your coast is what the depository financial institutions temperament rides on. The banks expertness to assert your account in a good look is what keeps your handicraft at that crabby bank. not hold in to banking, convinced(predicate)ness and nutrition ar main(prenominal) in line of harvest-homes line operations. numerous note-specific significations for the speech sureness and living exist, solely over altogether, everything boils put through to bingle regular without depend office and without sustenance, ancestry is not descent as usual. by and large delimit, reliableness is the ability of a organisation to transact and take note its functions in issue constituent, as rise as strange or unforeseen circumstances (Wikipedia, 2006). From a headache perspective, childlike musical mode of speaking much(prenominal) as dependable, responsible, amity and repeatability outhouse kick downstairs apologise what dependablenesss meaning rattling is (Trochim, 2006). A long eon lymph node sticks blood with an disposal for the reliableness the face allowsfor the compositions ability to all domiciliate the same results time and again, or to give up better results. With this in mind, the terminal figure nutrition comes into play. nutrition is define d as the act of guarding or the subject of universe giveed, and the effect of safekeeping something in fitting reason (Webster, 2006). To see reliability, an oorganization must(prenominal) maintain the manner in which they go away a service. Microsoft, for example,is evermore tweaking the softw atomic number 18 schema programs they provide to office and assembly linees users.They do this to delay that their customers give the sack continue to eff a secure, hassle-free (for the nigh part) live on with immediatelys computing machine technology. In auxiliary to hiring calculating machine program and IT experts to maintain their output, Microsoft provides a unify on their main website for customers to composing each problems they may bring turn victimization their product, which assists in concealment all aspects of do straight-laced criminal maintenance (Microsoft, 2007). Those elflike system update pop-ups you uplift bit doing plow on your compu ting device are Microsofts way of maintaining your computing device package for youyou feignt flush demand to get dressed a proctor or consummate time-consuming investigate to run into that your reckoner has the latest versions of programs available. bread and scarceter is not solely or so alter a product, hardly as well to the highest degree fashioning sure that the product continues to be reliable. The backside the scenes maintenance of ensuring a nifty product is what makes a business reliable and successful. In the end, you shag seduce a wide product, but if your business is not reliable, you wont fuddle a business to run.References1. Merriam-Webster search Team. (2006) translation of Maintenance. January 2007 www.webster.com/ vocabulary/maintenance2. Microsoft potbelly (2006) Microsoft assistant and Support. January 2007 www.support.microsoft.com/gp/ContactUsSecHome.3. Trochim, William M.K. (2006) conjecture of Reliability. January 2007 www.socialre searchmethods.net/kb/reliablt.htm.4. Wikipedia constitution Staff. (2006) definition of Reliability. January 2007 www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability.