'Abstract: amino acids, proteins. Category: Chemistry'

'\n\nProteins vsokomolekulyarne polymer, Nature, postroenne residues of amino stingings, soedynennh amide (peptide) svyazyu? CO? NH?.\nEach protein harakteryzuetsya spetsyfycheskoy amynokyslotnoy posledovatelnostyu and yndyvydualnoy spacial strukturoy (conformation). The share of proteins pryhodytsya at least 50% dry spile orhanycheskyh compounds zhyvotnoy cells. work protein underlies vazhneyshyh processes zhyznedeyatelnosty organism. transfiguration substances (digestive transcription, respiratory and others) mshechnoe Reduction, nervnaya conduction cells and life in general nerazrvno svyazan with aktyvnostyu enzymes - super specific catalysts biochemically reactions yavlyayuschyhsya proteins. Basis kostnoy and soedynytelnoy woven, wool, rohovh formations sostavlyayut strukturne proteins. Ona same(p) skeleton formyruyut kletochnh organell (mytohondryy, membranes, et al.) Rashozhdenye delenyy chromosomes in cells, flagella motion, working muscles of animals and cosmos in os uschestvlyayutsya erratic mechanism in the contractile protein posredstve arrangement (eg, actin, myosin). Vazhnuyu sostavlyayut rehulyatorne own host of proteins, and protein kontrolyruyuschye byosyntez nukleynovh loony toonss. K rehulyatornm otnosjatsja easily as protein-protein peptide hormon, kotore secreted ndokrynnmy iron. selective information on side External environment, confused rehulyatorne signals (including hormonalne) vosprynymayutsya kletkoy with pomoshchju specials. retseptornh proteins, raspolahayuschyhsya on naruzhnoy plazmatycheskoy originate membrane. These proteins yhrayut an all-important(prenominal) component in the contagion of nerve firing and oriented ride in cells (chemotaxis). In active ravish ions, lypydov, sugars and amino acids crossways membranes byolohycheskye uchastvuyut transportne proteins, proteins ili-perenoschyky. K poslednym otnosjatsja vigorous as hemoglobin and myoglobin, osuschestvlyayuschye transfer oxygen. transmutation o f vitality and utylyzatsyya, postupayuschey in an organism with nutrition, as well as radiation of energy solnechnoho proyshodyat with the participation of proteins byonerhetycheskoy scheme (eg, rhodopsin, tsytohrom). Thank sizeableness ymeyut pyscheve and Spare proteins (eg Kazeyn, Prolamyn) yhrayuschye an important role in the development and Functioning organisms. Protective systems lofty society organisms formyruyutsya zaschytnmy proteins, c kotorm otnosjatsja ymmunohlobulyn (Responsible for immunity), complement proteins (Responsible for the lysis of cells and chuzherodnh aktyvatsyyu ymmunolohycheskoy function) system svertvanyya blood proteins (eg thrombin, Fybryn) and protyvovyrusny protein interferon.\nOn the composition of proteins in delyat proste, sostoyaschye Only amynokyslotnh of residues (proteyn) and slozhne (proteyd). Slozhne mogut accept metal ions (metalloproteidy) ili pigments (hromoproteyd) obrazovvat prochne kompleks with lipids (lipoproteins) nukleynovmy a cids (nucleoproteins), as well as the remaining covalently svyazvat fosfornoy acid (fosfoproteyd), carbohydrate (hlykoproteyn) ili nukleynovoy acid (henom nekotorh viruses).'